论大数据背景下个人信息的私法保护

Big Data and the Legal Protection of Personal Information

大数据背景下,个人信息的收集使用已成为常态,个人信息泄露问题多发,严重威胁着信息主体的信息安全,不利于数字经济的蓬勃发展和数据要素市场化的正常进程。以《中华人民共和国民法典》为基础的个人信息私法保护法律体系确立了“通知—同意”的信息处理规则、人格权禁令制度以及个人隐私和个人信息的二元保护立法模式,但是由于缺乏对个人信息的明确分类、“通知—同意”规则的过于单薄以及人格权禁令制度适用条件的不明等问题,产生了“通知—同意”规则的异化以及关于人格权禁令制度的诸多困惑。为优化制度设计,宜制定专门的个人信息保护法进一步改进“通知—同意”规则并在接下来的《中华人民共和国民法典》适用的相关司法解释中对人格权禁令制度进行细化和明晰,以更好地发挥其在个人信息保护中应有的作用。

Information leakage seriously threatens personal information security and hinders the vigorous development of digital economy and the marketization of data elements.On the basis of The Civil Code of People’s Republic of China,"notice-agreement"regulations,personality right system as well as the dual protection law of privacy and personal information have been formulated and established.However,lack of clear classification,too simple regulations and indefinite conditions have made the"notice-agreement"regulations alienated and bans on personality right system confused.It is advisable to make a special personal information protection law to improve the"notice-agreement"regulations,to further refine and classify the bans on personality right in the judicial interpretation of the Civil Code so as to better play its role in personal information protection.