国内疫病防治研究的学术史回顾与趋势(2000—2020)

Academic History Review and Trend of Epidemic Prevention and Control Research in China(2000—2020)

二十年来国内学界针对疫病防治的研究,是在回顾、反思与创新中逐步开展起来的,并逐渐形成了疫病史、医疗社会史以及历史医学地理学等分支学科。疫病史当前主要以鼠疫、霍乱等少数疫种为研究对象,并出现了由区域史向城市史研究的端倪,形成了由个案分析向整体梳理的研究范式,被学者称为“微观研究”。医疗社会史则具有从综合性与整体性上宏观研究疫病史的特点,近年来学界主要从区域史、断代史以及专题史层面上开展研究,并凭借交叉性、综合性和理论性的研究特点,逐渐成为国内疫病防治研究中的一门新兴领域。历史医学地理学在对历史时期内疫病的空间分布、环境史分析以及区域社会状况的认知上,对疫病防治史的研究做出了重要的贡献,无疑会成为未来该研究领域内一项重要学术增长点。然而,面对二十年来国内疫病防治研究领域内的诸多不足,未来疫病防治史的研究应从理论创新和内容突破这两个层面上展开,继续拓展历史医学地理学中的时、空研究,完善医疗社会史中的区域研究和补充疫病史中的病种个案研究,从而构建起疫种丰富、空间全面的更立体的研究趋势。

In the past 20 years,the research on epidemic prevention and control in the domestic academia has been gradually carried out in review,reflection and innovation,and has gradually formed branches such as the history of disease,medical social history and medical history and medical geography.At present,the history of epidemics mainly studies plague and cholera,and shows the clues from regional history to urban history research,forming a research paradigm from case analysis to the whole,which is called“micro research”by scholars.Medical social history has the characteristics of macro research of disease history from comprehensive and holistic aspects.In recent years,the academic circle has mainly carried out research from regional history,generational history and thematic history,and based on it the crossover,comprehensive and theoretical research characteristics have gradually become an emerging field in the domestic epidemic prevention and control research.Historical medical geography has made important contributions to the research of disease prevention and treatment history in the cognition of the spatial distribution,environmental history analysis and regional social conditions of diseases in the historical period,and will undoubtedly become an important academic growth point in the research field in the future.However,in the face of many deficiencies in the field of domestic epidemic prevention and control research in the past 20 years,the paper believes that the future research on the history of epidemic prevention and control should be carried out from the two levels of theoretical innovation and content breakthrough,and should continue to expand the time and space research,complete the regional research in medical social history and supplement the case study of diseases in disease history,so as to build a more three-dimensional research with rich epidemic species and comprehensive space.