翦伯赞对《史通》中《史记》体例批判的辩证研究

Jian Bozan’s Discrimination on Historical Records’ Style in Shitong

翦伯赞是我国著名的马克思主义历史学家,他对《史记》和《史通》都做过研究。刘知几《史通》中针对《史记》诸体例提出过一系列的批评与意见,翦伯赞在《论司马迁的历史学》和《论刘知几的历史学》两篇文章中对刘氏所提诸问题均有讨论,前者没有直接联系《史通》中诸批判,而是试图论证《史记》体例安排的合理性及司马迁开创的纪传体史书书写方式在中国史学发展上的重要意义;后者则试图从刘知几撰写《史通》的自身逻辑中寻找矛盾。两篇文章在论证方式上的区别可见翦伯赞对司马迁、刘知几两位史家的态度以及其作为马克思主义史家颇具独特个性的治史风格。这些论证及差别,背后又隐藏着一系列的塑成因素,值得从中进行深度发掘。

Jian Bozan is a famous Marxist historical scholar and he made research on both Historical Records and Shitong.Liu Zhiji’s Shitong focused on Historical Records’style and raised a series of criticism,and the later scholars had the heated discussion on his remarks.Jian Bozan also had the discussion on Liu Zhiji’s criticism in his paper Sima Qian’s History and Liu Zhiji’s History.However,the former tried to prove the rationality of Historical Records’s tyle and the importance of the writing style that Sima Qian created in the progress of Chinese history development without connecting Liu Zhiji’s criticism,while the latter tried to find out contradiction of Shitong’s logic.The difference of writing styles in these two papers embodies Jian Bozan’s attitude towards Sima Qian and Liu Zhiji,and his special studying style as Marxist historian.A series of factors hidden behind are these discriminations and those are valuable.