青少年中长跑运动员下肢关节活动幅度与动态平衡能力的相关性研究

Research on Correlation between the Range of Lower Limb Joints and Dynamic Balance Ability of Young Middle and Long Distance Athletes

目的:动态平衡对于维持身体姿势,完成各种动作有重要作用,但是关于动态平衡与下肢各关节活动幅度的关系还需要进一步验证。方法:通过对40名青少年中长跑运动员进行下肢Y-SEBT测试(Y-starexcursionbalancetest)、下肢各关节ROM测试和踝关节负重活动范围DFROM测试(knee-to-wall test),运用独立样本t检验对左右两侧腿的关节活动幅度、动态平衡进行对比,使用Pearson相关性分析Y-SEBT测试结果与下肢关节活动幅度的相关性。结果:1)中长跑运动员下肢动态平衡较好,两侧各方向平衡能力差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),但普遍存在两侧不对称现象;2)下肢左右关节活动幅度,髋-内旋ROM差异具有非常显著性统计学意义(P<0.01),其他均无统计学意义;3)右侧踝关节DFROM与Y-SEBT前向原始值、前向最大值、后内原始值、后内最大值呈正相关(r=0.449,r=0.444,r=0.449,r=0.379,P<0.05),右髋关节外旋ROM与前向原始值、前向最大值、后内原始值、后内标准值呈正相关(r=0.409,r=0.433,r=0.533,r=0.487,P<0.05),左侧踝关节背曲ROM与左侧支撑腿Y平衡结果后内最大值呈高相关(r=0.623,P<0.05)。结论:青少年中长跑运动员两侧动态平衡普遍存在非对称现象,左右下肢不同方向的动态姿势控制对于下肢某些关节活动幅度的要求具有差异;右侧踝关节DFROM、髋外旋ROM对右侧前向、后内方向的动态平衡具有重要作用,左侧踝关节ROM对左侧后内方向的动态平衡具有重要作用。建议:提高青少年中长跑运动员的平衡能力,需注重两侧下肢动态平衡的均衡发展,在全面发展下肢关节灵活性的同时,还应根据左右下肢对于关节活动幅度的不同要求,有针对性地安排训练。

Objective:Dynamic balance plays an important role in maintaining body posture and completing various movements.However,the relationship between the dynamic balance and the range of the lower limb joints needs to be further determined.Methods:Y-SEBT,Rom test and the Knee-to-Wall Test were performed on 40 middle and long distance runners.Independent sample t test was used to compare the range of motion and dynamic balance of the left and right legs.The correlation between Y-SEBT results and the range of lower limb joint was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Results:1)The dynamic balance of lower limbs of middle and long distance runners was good,and there was no significant difference between the two sides(P>0.05).2)There was no significant difference in the range of motion of the left and right lower limbs except hip internal rotation ROM(P<0.01).3)It was positively correlated with between the right ankle joint and the forward original value,forward maximum value,posteromedial maximum value and posteromedial original value of Y-SEBT(r=0.449,r=0.444,r=0.449,r=0.379,P<0.05).It was positively correlated with between the external rotation ROM of right hip joint and the original value,maximum value,original value and standard value of Y-SEBT(r=0.409,r=0.433,r=0.533,r=0.487;P<0.05).There was a high correlation between between ROM of left ankle dorsiflexion and posteromedial maximum of left supporting leg Y-SEBT(r=0.623,P<0.05).Conclusions:There is a general asymmetry phenomenon in the dynamic balance between the two sides of the young middle and long distance runners.The dynamic posture control of the left and right lower limbs in different directions has different requirements for the range of motion of some joints of the lower limbs.The right ankle joint DFROM and hip external rotation ROM play an important role in the right forward and posteromedial dynamic balance,and the left ankle ROM plays an important role in the left posteromedial dynamic balance.Suggestions:To improve the balance ability of young middle and long distance runners,it is necessary to pay attention to the balanced development of the dynamic balance of both sides of the lower limbs.While fully developing the flexibility of the joints of the lower limbs,the athletes should arrange the training according to different requirements of the left and right lower limbs for the range of joint motion.