世界各国儿童青少年身体活动指南发展研究

Worldwide Development of Physical Activity Guidelines for Children and Adolescents

身体活动指南是引导、规范和促进儿童青少年身体活动开展的重要政策文本。采用政策文献计量和内容分析法,对全球4大洲17个国家及世界卫生组织发布的儿童青少年身体活动指南从发布主体、发布时间、身体活动量、久坐行为限制、身体活动促进机构等维度进行分析。结果发现:1)严峻的儿童青少年身体活动状况和国际范围内与健康相关的协会和组织的一系列活动,推动了21世纪初各国指南的快速发展;2)在历经英国1998指南、加拿大2002指南、美国2008指南和加拿大2016指南后,各指南建议的儿童青少年身体活动量基本趋于一致,高强度身体活动重新得到重视,上肢力量活动仍被忽视;3)由于久坐与健康的循证依据不足,尚缺乏久坐及如何打断久坐的量化标准;4)各指南突出强调学校、医疗卫生部门、家庭和社区等多部门合作促进儿童青少年身体活动,且学校应该发挥最重要、最根本的促进作用。

Physical activity guidelines are important for guiding,regulating and promoting physical activity in children and adolescents.By using the analysis of physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents from 17 countries of 4 continents and the World Health Organization,the paper studied the developmental trajectory of physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents from aspects of guidelines issuers,issue time,physical activity volume,sedentary limit,physical activity promoting organizations,etc.The results showed:1)The rigorous physical inactivity among children and adolescents and a series of events organized by health-related organizations worldwide contributed to the rapid development of national guidelines in the early 21st centry;2)after the four dividing lines of the 1998 guideline of the United Kingdom,the 2002 guideline of Canada,the 2008 guideline of the United States and the 2016 guideline of Canada,the recommendation about volume of physical activity for children and adolescents were basically consistent,and the intensity of physical activity was re-emphasized,but upper limb strength activity was still ignored;3)there was a lack of quantitative criteria for sedentary limit and how to interrupt it because of the lack of evidence-based research about the relationship between sedentary behavior and health;4)the guidelines highlighted the important roles of multi-sectors,such as schools,the health sector,family and the community,in promoting physical activity in children and adolescents,and the school should play the most important and fundamental role in promoting.