“终极境况”中的儿童哲学教育——基于雅斯贝尔斯生存哲学的阐释

Philosophy for Children in the Ultimate Situation:Based on the Interpretation of Jaspers’Philosophy of Existence

随着人类社会动荡与不安的加剧,儿童哲学教育应当从工具价值走向人类生存的自我关照。雅斯贝尔斯的哲学关注人类的生存境遇,认为理性的生存交往是我们应对“终极境况”的最终出路。从雅斯贝尔斯的生存哲学出发,审慎剖析儿童哲学教育的根源、内涵与任务将澄清儿童哲学的工具主义疑难。忽视儿童生存事实的哲学教育存在的弊端应引起注意,儿童哲学教育旨在捍卫儿童生存交往的权利,是一种对于人类自身存在的关照,最终将促进社会健全理性的构建。

With the intensification of unrest and anxiety in human society,philosophy for children should be regarded as the self-care for human existence,more than its instrumental aspect.Karl Jaspers’s philosophy focuses on the living condition of human beings,which indicates that existencial communication of reason are the ultimate way for us to deal with the“ultimate situation”.With the light of Jaspers’s philosophy,a cautious analysis of the roots,connotations and tasks of philosophy for education will clarify the instrumentalism of philosophy for children,so should pay attention to the problem of philosophical education which ignore the fact of children’s living circumstance.Philosophy for children aims to defend the rights of children’s existencial communication,with a kind of care for the existence of human beings and ultimately promote the construction of a sound and rational society.