锂硫电池中的催化应用

Catalytic application in lithium-sulfur batteries

锂硫电池以其高理论比容量、环境友好和低成本等优点成为理想的下一代高能量密度储能装置。但活性材料的绝缘特性、多硫化物的穿梭效应和硫物种缓慢的动力学转化过程,导致电池性能持续衰减,是目前阻碍锂硫电池商业化发展的关键。利用催化材料加速硫物种转化,研究催化氧化还原动力学,从而实现高性能锂硫电池的开发、认知硫物种微观转化机制,是近年来受到广泛关注的研究热点。本综述从理解多硫化物产生、转化和硫化锂沉积等角度入手,讨论了锂硫化学中的催化转化特点,综述了近年来锂硫电池催化材料的研究进展,评述了催化剂的设计策略与评价方法,可为高活性锂硫电池催化剂材料提供一定的借鉴。

Due to its high energy density,environmental friendly,and low cost,lithium-sulfur battery(LiSB)has attracted more and more attentions as a promising next-generation energy storage device.However,the insulation property,polysulfide shuttle effect,and the slow redox kinetics of the active Li2Sx material could lead to serious capacity attenuation,and further affect the cycle stability of the batteries.Therefore,the use of catalytic materials to accelerate the redox kinetics and hence to increase the performance and stability of LiSB has extensively developed.In this review,the catalytic transformation of sulfur-related compounds were discussed from the aspects of polysulfides generation,sulfur species transformation,and of lithium sulfides deposition.The state-of-the-art researches of catalytic materials for LiSB was reviewed,including the design strategies,the catalytic mechanisms,and the corresponding evaluation methods,so as to provide new ideas for high activity LiSB catalyst materials.