摘要
The 20th century has witnessed a steep decline of the global burden of infectious diseases due to improved hygiene conditions in large parts of the world and the introduction of vaccines and antimicrobials.However,in today’s global landscape infectious diseases still remain a major concern.According to the 2017 Global Burden of Disease Study,communicable diseases still accounted for approximately 8.14 million deaths,which was 14.6%of all age deaths for that year.1 Furthermore,it accounted for 24%of all age years of life lost.Infectious disease outbreaks have been rising since the 1980s2 and pathogenic microbes are now spreading faster geographically due to international traveling.Simultaneously,emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are being identified faster than ever before.The resurgence of these emerging and re-emerging diseases might be caused by climate change,changing international food chains,and a rise in antimicrobial resistance.According to a recent report on antimicrobial resistance issued by the UK government,3 unless proper action is taken,drugresistant diseases might cause 10 million deaths per year by 2050,costing the global economy up to 100 trillion dollar.
