北京轨道交通站点周边步行空间连续性影响因素分析

Factors Influencing Pedestrian Spatial Continuity around Beijing Rail Transit Stations

以北京三环到四环片区的70个轨道交通站点为样本,从宏观层面步行网络的整体度和微观层面步行路径的通畅度两大层面分析站点周边步行空间的连续性,借助卫星图观测、地图标记及实地勘察等方法探寻其主导问题及影响因素。研究表明:北京城区站点周边步行网络整体度受主干道、快速路、高架桥三者影响最大,河流和铁路次之,少部分站点受轨道交通高架线路影响导致出入口周边地上与地面空间未能有效整合。借助行人出站后经常使用的步行流线从时间和空间的角度分析,影响步行路径通畅度的环境要素主要体现在过街设施的连接性、平面交叉口的时间阻隔效应以及建(构)筑物的双重导向性三大方面。为实现地铁乘客从出站至目的地的步行可达,从轨道交通线路及站点选址、站点出入口空间设计、站区环境要素及政策引导层面提出构建通畅连续的步行空间相关建议。

Using 70 rail transit stations from the Third Ring Road to the Fourth Ring Road in Beijing as samples,this study analyzed the continuity of the walking space around the stations from two aspects:the integrity of the walking network at the macro level and the smoothness of the walking path at the micro level.The dominant problems and influencing factors were explored using satellite map observations,map marking,and field surveys.The results show that the overall degree of pedestrian networks around stations in the Beijing urban area is primarily affected by main roads,expressways,and viaducts,followed by rivers and railways.A small number of stations are affected by elevated rail transit lines,resulting in a failure to effectively integrate the ground and ground space around the entrance and exit.From the perspective of time and space barriers,environmental factors affecting the smoothness of pedestrian paths are mainly reflected in three aspects:the connectivity of crossing facilities,the time blocking effect of grade intersections,and the dual guidance of buildings(structures).To realize the pedestrian accessibility of subway passengers from the exit to the destination,this paper puts forth some suggestions on the construction of smooth and continuous walking space from the aspects of track line and site selection,station entrance and exit space design,space environment elements,and policy guidance.