马克思政治经济学批判中的法哲学主题和马克思法哲学的内在性证明

The Theme of Philosophy of Law in the Criticism of Marx’s Political Economy and the Internal Proofs of Marx’s Philosophy of Law

马克思从法哲学批判转向政治经济学批判的根本原因是为了打破经济基础和上层建筑之间的解释学循环,实现意识形态和社会存在的双重批判。所以完成思想转向以后,马克思并没有离开法哲学的问题领域,而是用政治经济学的方法来回答法哲学固有的问题。因此在马克思的政治经济学批判中存在着政治经济学和法哲学的双重主题,其中作为政治经济学主题的劳动价值论和剩余价值论,与作为法哲学主题的劳动所有权和资本所有权之间存在着一一对应、相互阐释的关系。法哲学主题能否由隐性存在变为显性存在,取决于辩证法和法哲学能否相容,批判性理论和规范性理论能否统一,马克思所理解的辩证理性和历史理性恰好提供了这种可能性。因此,在新的历史条件下重现马克思政治经济学批判中的法哲学主题,可以使马克思主义的批判性和规范性、科学性和革命性获得新的平衡和统一,并为马克思主义法哲学或政治哲学的存在赢得一种内在性证明。

The fundamental reason that Marx turns from the criticism of philosophy of law to the criticism of political economy is to use the method of political economy to respond to the inherent problems of philosophy of law. This helps us to understand the dual themes of political economy and philosophy of law in Marx’s criticism of political economy. In fact,the dialectical and historical reason that Marx grasps has provided the possibility that the theme of philosophy of law changes from its basis in recessive existence to explicit existence. The reappearing of the theme of philosophy of law in Marx’s criticism of political economy under the new historical conditions can assist Marxism to obtain a new balance and unity of the critical and normative,the scientific and the revolutionary,and thereby achieve a position of internal proof for Marxist philosophy of law or political philosophy.