重思马克思政治哲学的真实内涵——以资本权力批判为切入点

Rethinking the True Connotation of Marx’s Political Philosophy: On the Critique of Capital Power

马克思主义政治哲学是当前学界的热点议题,其中厘清马克思政治哲学的思想史脉络,探寻把握马克思政治哲学的恰当切入点,进而探究马克思政治哲学的真实内涵,无疑成为推进马克思主义政治哲学研究的重要前提。为此,我们首先需要回溯并反思马克思政治哲学思想与西方近代政治哲学之间的关系,尤其需要深入辨析马克思资本权力思想与黑格尔财产权思想之间的复杂关系。我们看到,黑格尔在精神历程、概念发展和文明进步三者一致的基础上,赋予了近代政治哲学所提出的财产权概念以文明史意义,并通过对市民社会及理性国家的探讨建构了一种关于财产权的政治哲学。以对黑格尔的批判性反思为基础,马克思将对市民社会和财产权的分析推进到了物质生产领域,揭示了在旧的生产方式的解体过程中资本权力的诞生,并事实性地开显了一种关于资本权力批判的政治哲学。从资本权力批判切入马克思的政治哲学,我们将能够超越为西方近代政治哲学及当代主流政治哲学所共享的思维框架,准确把握马克思政治哲学的真实内涵,从而更为充分地彰显马克思政治哲学的理论意义和现实意义。

A chief premise and foundation for advancing the study of Marxist political philosophy lies in rethinking the real connotation of Marx’s political philosophy. Hegel gave the concept of property rights proposed by modern political philosophy a significance for the history of civilization,and he developed a political philosophy concerning property rights through the discussion of civil society and rational state. Based on his critical reflections on Hegel,Marx advanced the analysis of civil society and property rights into the realm of material production,he revealed the birth of capital power,and he factually unfolded a kind of political philosophy centered on the critique of capital power. Based on this,we are enabled to go beyond the basic framework of thought shared by modern political philosophy and contemporary political philosophy,and fully reveal the theoretical and practical significance of Marx’s political philosophy.