唯物史观视域中的反贫困思想与中国的脱贫攻坚实践

The Anti-poverty Thought in the Perspective of Historical Materialism and China’s Practice of Poverty Alleviation

马克思恩格斯基于唯物史观视域深刻地把握了贫困的社会历史性本质,区分了资本主义条件下雇佣劳动者的贫困、失业的相对过剩人口的贫困、封建专制制度条件下的贫困等不同类型。在反贫困路径的解读上,他们在强调私有制生产方式的被颠覆是解决工人贫困问题的根本路径的同时,也看到了当资本主义内在矛盾尚未激化的前提下工人通过移民、向城市转移等途径来暂时解决贫困问题的可能性。中国共产党人在新时代中国特色社会主义的实践语境中,通过把脱贫攻坚战提升到全面建成小康社会的高度来理解和实践,从制度基础、生产方式基础、多维度脱贫路径等角度对唯物史观中的反贫困思想作出了重要的发展。

From the perspective of historical materialism,Marx and Engels profoundly grasped the social and historical nature of poverty and distinguished different types of poverty under capitalist conditions,such as the poverty of employed workers,the poverty of the unemployed relative surplus population,and the poverty under the feudal autocratic system.In the interpretation of the anti-poverty path,they emphasized that the subversion of private production mode is the fundamental way to solve the problem of workers’poverty.At the same time,they also saw the possibility that workers can temporarily solve the problem of poverty utilizing immigration and rural-urban migration under the premise that the internal contradictions of capitalism have not been intensified.In the practical context of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era,the Chinese Communists understand and practice the anti-poverty thought in historical materialism from the perspective of institutional basis,mode of production basis,and multi-dimensional poverty alleviation path by upgrading the fight against poverty to the height of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.