青少年感知父母支持与身体活动的关系:交叉滞后研究

The Relationship between Perceived Parental Support and Physical activity about Adolescents:A Cross-Lagged Analysis

目的:运用交叉滞后研究设计,探讨青少年感知父母支持与身体活动的因果关系。方法:采用《领悟社会支持量表》的家庭支持分量表和《国际身体活动量表(短卷)》,对上海市1048名青少年(53.63%男生;年龄14.710±3.794岁)进行为期14周、两个阶段的追踪问卷调查。结果:对于青少年感知父母支持的性别差异不显著,但身体活动的性别差异显著(男性优于女性);感知父母支持和身体活动的学段差异皆显著(高中阶段青少年优于初中阶段青少年);感知父母支持与身体活动具有跨时间稳定正相关;交叉滞后分析显示:前测(T1)感知父母支持对后测(T2)身体活动正向影响显著,前测(T1)身体活动对后测(T2)感知父母支持正向影响显著,且前者影响效应大于后者;感知父母支持与身体活动交叉滞后效应的学段差异显著。结论:青少年感知父母支持具有性别一致性特征,但可能存在学段差异;身体活动存在性别、学段差异;青少年感知父母支持与身体活动存在因果关系,其中,前者可能是原因变量,后者可能是结果变量,且该交叉滞后效应存在学段差异。交叉滞后模型的建构,在一定程度上解释了家庭因素与青少年身体活动的联系。

Objective:Using the cross-lagged research design to explore the causal relationship be‐tween the perceived parental support and physical activity of adolescents.Methods:Through using parental support sub-scale of the perceived social support scale(PSSS)and the international physi‐cal activity questionnaire-short form(IPAQ-SF),this paper made a fourteen-week,two-stage fol‐low-up investigation on 1048 adolescents in Shanghai(53.81%boys;M±SD=14.710±3.794 a).Results:For adolescent,the gender difference in perceived parental support was not significant,but the gender difference in physical activity was significant.Among them,male was better than fe‐male.Moreover,the learning phase difference in adolescents’perceived parental support and physi‐cal activity were all significant.Among them,the adolescents in the high school stage were better than the adolescents in junior high school stage.There was a trans-temporal-stable significant posi‐tive correlation between adolescents’perceived parental support and physical activity.The cross lagged analysis revealed that the adolescents’perceived parental support of test-1 had significant positive effects on the physical activity of test-2,and their physical activity of test-1 had significant positive effects on the perceived parental support of test-2.Moreover,the influence effect of the former was greater than that of the latter.The learning phase difference in this cross-lagged rela‐tionship of adolescents’perceived parental support and physical activity was significant.Conclu‐sion:For adolescents,the perceived parental support might have the consistency characteristic of gender,but it had the learning phase difference.Their physical activity had not only the learning phase difference but also the gender difference.There was a causal relationship between adoles‐cents’perceived parental support and physical activity.Among them,the former maybe a cause variable,while the latter maybe the result variable.Furthermore,this cross-lagged relationship had the learning phase difference.To a certain extent,the construction of the cross-lagged model ex‐plained the internal relationship between the family factors and adolescents’physical activity.