油茶树干、枝部生理性开皮病防治技术研究

Study on the Prevention and Control Techniques of Physiological OpeningDiseases on Camellia oleifera Trunk and Branch

指出了油茶树干、枝部生理性开皮病主要危害1~3 a油茶幼林,该病害初期为树皮开裂,中期出现树皮翻卷,最后枝条干枯,甚至全株枯死。为保障油茶新造林健康生长,减少造林损失,于2018年3月10~18日,在郴州市北湖区鲁塘镇3a油茶新造林中开展了油茶生理性开皮病的防治试验。根据油茶树干、枝部生理性开皮病危害程度不同划分了3个试验区,每个试验区设4个小区,每小区采用不同浓度、不同比例、不同药剂的混合液进行了防治试验对比。施药半年后,测定了病株治愈率,测定方法为:每个试验区全数实测。试验结果表明:使用花椒液喷洒树干或树枝的感病部位可以有效防治油茶树生理性开皮病,治愈率可达90%;使用花椒液+氨基酸钙((H_(2)NCH_(2)COO)2Ca)溶液,或花椒液+硫酸铵((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4))溶液,或花椒液+硫酸钾(K_(2)SO_(4))溶液,或花椒液+硫酸铵((NH_(4))2SO_(4))溶液+氨基酸钙((H_(2)NCH_(2)COO)_(2)Ca)溶液,防治效果比较好,治愈率达92%~95%;而使用花椒液+硫酸铵((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4))+硫酸钾(K_(2)SO_(4))+氨基酸钙((H_(2)NCH_(2)COO)^(2)Ca)的混合溶液,防治效果更佳,开皮株在30%以下的治愈率可达100%,30%以上且有树皮翻卷的治愈率可达96%。

Physiological opening disease on the trunk and branches of Camellia oleifera mainly damages the young forests of Camellia oleifera 1-3a.The disease is the bark cracking in the early stage,the bark rolls in the middle stage,and finally the branches wither and even the whole plant dies.In order to protect the healthy growth of new Camellia oleifera afforestation and reduce the loss of afforestation,on March 10-18,2018,the prevention and control test of the physiological opening skin disease of Camellia oleifera was carried out in the new plantation of 3a Camellia oleifera in Lutang Town,Beihu District,Chenzhou City.Three experimental areas were divided according to the different degrees of physiological opening skin disease of Camellia oleifera trunk and branches.There are 4 plots in each test area.Each district uses a mixture of different concentrations,different ratios and different reagents for contrast experiment.After half a year of application,the cure rate of diseased plants was determined,and the determination method was as follows:all test areas were measured.The test results show that spraying the susceptible parts of the trunk or branches with the Zanthoxylum solution can effectively prevent the physiological opening disease of the Camellia oleifera,and the cure rate can reach 90%;The control effect is better when using the Zanthoxylum solution+amino acid calcium((H_(2)NCH_(2)COO)_(2)Ca)solution,or the Zanthoxylum solution+ammonium sulfate((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4))solution,or Zanthoxylum solution+potassium sulfate(K_(2)SO_(4))solution,or Zanthoxylum solution+ammonium sulfate((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4))solution+amino acid calcium((H_(2)NCH_(2)COO)_(2)Ca)solution.The cure rate reaches 92%-95%.While using a mixed solution of Zanthoxylum liquid+ammonium sulfate((NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4))+potassium sulfate(K_(2)SO_(4))+amino acid calcium((H_(2)NCH_(2)COO)_(2)Ca),the prevention and control effect is better.The cure rate of the peeling plant below 30%can reach 100%.The cure rate of over 30%with bark turning can reach 96%.