产前运动对围产期奶牛生理代谢指标的影响

Effect of Antenatal Exercise on Indices of Physiological Metabolism in Transition Dairy Cow

本试验旨在研究产前运动对围产期奶牛生理代谢指标的影响,为围产期奶牛健康管理提供科学指导和理论依据。试验选取年龄相似,体况评分、胎次和预产期相近的经产荷斯坦奶牛24头,随机分为试验组(TRT组)和对照组(CON组),每组12头,统一饲养管理。于预产期前21 d开始,TRT组奶牛每日09:00和16:00以<3 km/h的速度运动1 h,每头奶牛每日总运动量为(4.0±0.2)km/d;CON组自由活动。分别在预产期前21、7 d、分娩当天及产后7、30 d(分别记为-21、-7、0、+7和+30 d),于晨饲前采集血液,测定血浆中非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)、β-羟基丁酸(BHBA)、葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHOL)、肌酐(CREA)及尿素(UREA)浓度。结果显示,试验期间,TRT组血浆NEFA、BHBA浓度与CON组相比均呈下降趋势(0.05<P<0.1),-7 d时TRT组NEFA浓度显著低于CON组(P<0.05);TRT组血浆GLU浓度变化较CON组平稳,在+30 d极显著高于CON组(P<0.01);两组血浆TG浓度均在分娩当天急剧下降,产前血浆TG浓度均极显著高于分娩后各时间点(P<0.01),+30 d时TRT组极显著高于CON组(P<0.01);血浆UREA、CREA浓度在两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,以<3 km/h的速度进行运动(4.0 km/d±0.2 km/d),可有效降低围产期奶牛血浆NEFA和BHBA浓度,缓解能量负平衡(NEB)压力。

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal exercise on the indices of physiological metabolism in perinatal dairy cows,and provide scientific guidance and theoretical basis for the health management of perinatal dairy cows.24 multiparous Holstein cows were randomly and equally selected and divided into test group(TRT group)and control group(CON group),fed and managed uniformly.The experiment started at 21 days before the due date,the cows in TRT group walked twice a day(09:00 and 16:00)at a speed of less than 3 km/h and the total daily exercise volume of each cow was(4.0±0.2)km/d,CON group moved freely.The blood samples were collected at 21 and 7 days before confinement,parturition day,7 and 30 days after confinement(noted as-21,-7,0,+7 and+30 d,respectively)before morning meal.Blood was collected before feeding in the morning,and the plasma contents of non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA),β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA),glucose(GLU),triglyceride(TG),cholesterol(CHOL),creatinine(CREA)and urea(UREA)were detected.The results showed that the concentration of NEFA and BHBA in TRT group exhibited a declining trend compared with CON group during the experiment(0.05<P<0.1),and the concentration of NEFA of TRT group at-7 d was significantly lower than CON group(P<0.05).The change of plasma GLU concentration in TRT group was more stable than CON group,and was extremely significantly higher than that of CON group at+30 d(P<0.01).The plasma TG concentration of the two groups were decreased sharply on parturition day and the prenatal concentration were extremely significantly higher than that of all time points after delivery(P<0.01),while the plasma concentration of TG in TRT group was extremely significantly higher than CON group at+30 d(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in plasma UREA and CREA concentrations between the two groups(P>0.05).The results indicated that the exercise at a speed of less than 3 km/h(total amount of exercise was 4.0 km/d±0.2 km/d could reduce the plasma NEFA and BHBA concentrations of perinatal dairy cows effectively and attenuate the stress of negative energy balance(NEB).