荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的群体特征及影响因素分析

Analysis of Population Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Rest Time in Holstein Dairy Cows

为探究北京地区荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的群体规律及影响因素,本研究收集了北京地区某规模化牧场2018年4月至2020年4月共838头荷斯坦奶牛的休息时间及对应的奶牛生产性能测定记录及环境温湿度数据,利用SAS 9.2软件的GLM过程分析了年份、季节、场区、胎次和泌乳月等因素对荷斯坦奶牛休息时间的影响,并分析了休息时间对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能的影响。结果显示,荷斯坦奶牛平均休息时间为397.39 min/d,范围为87.74~707.03 min/d,变异系数为26%;休息时间随季节呈先降低后升高的趋势,夏季最低,冬季最高;随环境温湿度的升高而逐渐降低;产犊和发病对休息时间均有较大影响,产犊和发病当天奶牛休息时间均存在一个峰值,之后逐渐降低至正常水平;测定年份、季节、场区、胎次和泌乳月份对休息时间均有极显著影响(P<0.01);荷斯坦奶牛产奶量随休息时间的升高而降低。本研究为利用自动化记录设备探究奶牛的行为规律及利用连续测定的休息时间数据提高牛群的精准管理水平提供了理论依据。

In order to explore the population characteristics and influencing factors of rest time in Holstein dairy cows in Beijing,the rest time records in 838 Holstein dairy cows from a large-scale farm,and the corresponding dairy herd improvement records,environmental temperature and humidity,management records were collected from April 2018 to April 2020.The GLM procedure in SAS 9.2 software was used to analyze the impacts of year,season,herd,parity and lactation month on rest time in Holstein dairy cows.The relationship between production performance and rest time was also analyzed.The results showed that the average rest time in Holstein dairy cows was 397.39 min/d,ranging from 87.74 to 707.03 min/d,and the coefficient of variation was 26%.The rest time firstly decreased and then increased with change of season,with the lowest in summer and the highest in winter,and it gradually decreased with the increase of environmental temperature and humidity index.The rest time in dairy cows reached a peak high level when they calved or suffered from health events,and then it gradually decreased to base levels.Measuring year,season,herd,parity and lactation month had extremely significant impacts on rest time(P<0.01).The milk production showed a decrease trend with the increase of rest time in Holstein dairy cows.This study provided a theoretical basis for the use of automatic recording equipment to explore the behavior of dairy cows and the use of continuously measured rest time data to improve the accurate management level of dairy cows.