犬脓皮病耐甲氧西林伪中间型葡萄球菌抗菌药耐药性及消毒剂抗性研究进展

Research Progress on Antimicrobial and Disinfectant Resistance of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Canine Pyoderma

犬脓皮病是一类主要由耐甲氧西林伪中间型葡萄球菌(MRSP)感染而引起的化脓性皮肤病。葡萄球菌是一种人与动物均易感的细菌,常引起各种化脓性疾病,其中,MRSP作为一种动物源葡萄球菌还会成为耐药基因贮存库,可将耐药基因通过环境或食物链传给人类。近年来MRSP造成的皮肤疾病病例大幅上升,给感染的控制带来挑战。笔者综合了犬脓皮病致病菌的抗菌药耐药性及其消毒剂抗性的相关研究,从MRSP的致病机制出发,总结了MRSP通过破坏细胞免疫系统的功能导致感染发生的相关机制,简述了多个国家MRSP对抗菌药的显著耐药性与相关耐药基因,如mecA和cat基因等,介绍了MRSP对胍类消毒剂与季铵盐类消毒剂的抗性及抗性机制,对外排泵、基因调控与抗性基因的可转移性等多种机制进行了论述,同时为避免MRSP对抗菌药与消毒剂的共同耐药性对犬脓皮病的治疗造成干扰,笔者从移动遗传元件介导的获得性抗性与依赖于细菌细胞结构的固有抗性等方面系统地分析了MRSP对消毒剂抗性和抗菌药耐药性之间的争议与联系,以期寻找一种科学合理的治疗方案,为犬脓皮病的临床用药提供参考。

Canine pyoderma is a purulent skin disease caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(MRSP)infection.Staphylococcus is a kind of bacteria that can infect both human and animals,and cause various suppurative diseases.Among them,MRSP as an animal derived Staphylococcus,can be a reservoir of drug-resistant genes and it can transmit drug-resistant genes to human beings via environmental factors or food chain.In recent years,the cases of skin diseases caused by MRSP have increased significantly which challenges infection control.In this paper,the drug resistance and disinfectant resistance of pathogenic bacteria of canine pyoderma were reviewed.In terms of the pathogenic mechanism of canine pyoderma,the mechanism of MRSP leading to infection by destroying the function of cellular immune system were summarized,the significant drug resistance and related drug resistance genes of MRSP in many areas were mainly described,such as mecA and cat genes.The resistance to disinfectants and its mechanism in MRSP,including efflux pump,were introduced.In order to avoid the common resistance interfering with the treatment,the relationship between the resistance to disinfectants and the resistance to antibiotics from the acquired resistance mediated by mobile genetic elements and inherent resistance depending on bacterial cell structure in pathogenic bacteria were systematically analyzed,in order to find a scientific and reasonable treatment for canine pyoderma,and provide reference and theoretical support for clinical medication of canine pyoderma.