稀土阻燃聚合物机理研究进展

Research Developments in Mechanism of Rare Earth Flame Retardant Polymer Materials

稀土因具有无毒环保、耐热、耐候、催化酯化脱氢反应等优点,在阻燃行业中引起了广泛关注。综述了聚合物燃烧基础,介绍了常用的几种阻燃机理研究方法,包括LOI、UL94、CONE、TGA和SEM,总结了稀土氧化物、稀土磷酸盐等稀土化合物协效阻燃机理的最新研究成果。认为稀土阻燃剂发展仍然面临着技术落后、无商品化产品、稀土附加值低等众多困难。指出未来稀土阻燃剂发展趋势,一方面将向着以价格低廉的镧、铈、钇、钐等稀土元素为主的多功能有机稀土阻燃剂的方向发展,在阻燃体系中起到主阻燃作用,才能提高稀土元素附加值;另一方面加强高校与稀土企业的产学研深入融合,充分发挥高校基础研究和企业市场应用推广方面的优势,强强联合,推动稀土阻燃剂早日实现产业化,促进我国稀土行业健康有序发展。

Rare earth has attracted wide attention in flame retardant industry due to its advantages of no toxicity, heat endurance, weather resistance and catalyzing organic reactions, such as esterification and dehydrogenation. This paper reviewed fundamentals of polymers combustion, characterization methods including LOI, UL94, CONE, TGA and SEM, and recent progress in synergist flame retardant mechanism of rare earth oxides and phosphates. The development of rare earth flame retardant is still faced with problem of backward technologies, no commoditized products and low value-added rare earths.Finally, the development orientation was prospected.On the one hand, the multi-functional organic rare earth flame retardants based on lower priced lanthanum, cerium, yttrium or samarium will be developed, in which rare earths play a leading role with high added value. On the other, industrialization of rare earth flame retardant and healthy and orderly development of rare earth industry in China can be promoted through strengthening the industrial-academic-research cooperation between universities and rare earth enterprises and combining advantages of basic scientific research in universities and marketing application in enterprises.