一种分体式热射病急救服的设计与应用

Design and application of a split first aid suit for heat stroke

在全球变暖和参与高强度运动人数增多的趋势下,热射病发病率逐年增加。热射病是一种热急症,如得不到快速有效的救治,病死率高达50%以上。早期、快速、有效降温是热射病救治的关键点。在降温的"黄金30 min"内迅速将核心体温降至38.9℃能获得较好的临床预后,且并发症较少,但此时间内远远不足以完成急诊转运与评估。因此,迫切需要研制一种适用于野外救治及转运的热射病急救服,以实现野外环境下早期快速有效降温的治疗目标。为此,解放军总医院第八医学中心重症医学科医护人员设计并研制了一种分体式热射病急救服,适用于在缺少医疗物资和水源的恶劣环境下以及转运过程中的热射病患者,获得了国家实用新型专利(专利号:ZL 202021627326.4)。分体式热射病急救服由衣服部、帽子部、袖筒和包裹式裤筒4个主要部分组成,且均为温变面料制成的结构件,温变体为细孔硅胶颗粒与硝酸钾制成的复合材料。衣服部的肩部与袖筒,以及衣服部的下摆前端与包裹式裤筒均以可拆卸的连接件连接,方便固定和搬运。为了对注水量进行定量控制,还设计了注水袋和相应注水结构,以保证每次注水都能达到一致的制冷效果,且制冷温度为14~18℃,长时间使用不会对患者造成局部冻伤。该分体式急救服可实现热射病患者移动、救援转运时紧急应用,具有便于携带、使用方便、降温效果确切、利于搬运、成本低、可重复使用的特点,可广泛用于热射病患者现场急救及转运。

In the trend of global warming and the increasing number of participating in high-intensity sports,the incidence of heat stroke is increasing year by year.Heat stroke is categorized to the class of heat emergent diseases.If there is no quick and effective treatment,the mortality rate is as high as 50%.Early,rapid,and effective cooling is the key point in the treatment of heat stroke.The early recognition and rapid lowering the core body temperature to 38.9℃within 30 minutes of exertional heat stroke results in better clinical outcome with the fewest complications,however,the"golden 30 minutes"is far from enough to complete emergency transport and evaluation.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a first aid suit for heat stroke suitable for field treatment and transportation,so as to achieve the treatment goal of early rapid and effective cooling in field environment.For this purpose,the medical staff of the department of critical care medicine of the Eighth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital designed and developed the split first aid suit,which is suitable for heat stroke patient in the harsh environment lacking medical supplies and water during transportation.The medical staff who designed the first aid suit obtained a National Utility Model Patent of China(ZL 202021627326.4).The split heat stroke first aid suit is composed of four main parts:a sleeveless coat,a hat,sleeves and wrapped pants.All of them are made by temperature changeable fabric which is a composite material made by fine porous silica gel particles and potassium nitrate.The cuffs of the sleeveless top of the clothes part and the sleeves are connected as a whole by the connecting pieces;and the front end of the hem of the clothes part and the wrapped trousers are also connected as a whole by the connecting pieces,which is convenient for fixing and transportation.In order to control the water injection quantity,the water injection bag and the corresponding components are designed to ensure the same amount of water can be injected to the heat stroke first aid suit at each time,so the same frigorific effect can be attainable.The service temperature is 14-18℃,so it will not cause local frostbite to patients when used for a long time.This split-type first aid suit can be used in the movement,rescue and transportation of heat stroke patients.It is easy to carry and use with accurate cooling effect with low cost,moreover,it is reusable and can be widely used for on-site emergency and transportation of heat stroke patients.