老年人群健康促进生活方式及其相关影响因素分析

Analysis of health promoting lifestyle of the elderlies and its related influencing factors

目的探讨老年人群健康促进生活方式及其相关影响因素。方法采用简单随机抽样法,抽取广州城市社区公共医疗卫生服务机构6个样本,采用多阶段随机抽样法抽取各社区居民为研究样本,发放300份问卷,共收到有效问卷288份。统计老年人群健康促进生活方式量表-Ⅱ(HPLP-Ⅱ)量表评分情况,比较不同人口学特征老年人群HPLP-Ⅱ评分情况,采用多元线性回归分析了解老年人群健康促进生活方式相关影响因素。结果老年人群自我实现、营养、压力应付、人际交往、运动锻炼、健康责任、总分的标准化得分为59.58、65.14、67.03、54.03、70.16、67.92、63.80分。≤80岁、与子女居住、有配偶、上一年接受健康体检、未吸烟、未饮酒的老年人群HPLP-Ⅱ得分更高(P<0.05),随着受教育程度升高、收入升高,HPLP-Ⅱ评分呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,>80岁、居住情况(独居)、受教育程度低、月均收入低、上一年未接受健康体检、无配偶为影响老年人群健康促进生活方式的危险因素(OR=1.654、2.344、2.136、2.314、1.752、2.038,P<0.05)。结论广州老年人群健康促进生活方式处于中等水平,>80岁、独居、受教育程度低、月均收入低、上一年未接受健康体检、无配偶为广州老年人群健康促进生活方式的主要影响因素,也是老年人群健康促进生活方式干预的重点。

Objective To investigate the health promoting lifestyle of the elderly and its related influencing factors.Methods Six urban community public medical and health service institutions of Guangzhou were selected by simple random sampling method,and 300 community residents were randomly selected as the research sample by multistage random sampling.As 300 questionnaires were distributed,288 valid questionnaires were received.The scores of health promoting lifestyle profile(HPLP-II)were selected,and scores of HPLP-II were compared among the elderly people with demographic characteristics.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of health promoting lifestyle.Results The standardized scores of self-actualization,nutrition,stress coping,interpersonal communication,exercise,health responsibility and total score were 59.58,65.14,67.03,54.03,70.16,67.92 and 63.80,respectively.The scores of HPLP-II were significantly higher in the elderly people≤80 years old,lived with their children,had spouses,exercised regularly,had physical examination in the previous year,did not smoke or drink(P<0.05).With the increase of education level and income,the scores of HPLP-II showed an upward trend(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that>80 years old,living conditions(living alone),low education level,low monthly income,no physical examination in the previous year,and had no spouse were the risk factors for the health promoting lifestyle of the elderly(OR=1.654,2.344,2.136,2.314,1.752 and 2.038,respectively,P<0.05).Conclusion The health promoting lifestyle of the elderly in Guangzhou is in the middle level,the main influencing factors were>80 years old,living alone,low education level,low monthly income,no physical examination in the previous year,and had no spouse.And those are also the focus of health promoting lifestyle intervention.