2020年北京市某区餐饮行业女工生育健康现状调查

Investigation of Fertility in Female Workers Engaged in Restaurant Industry in 2020

目的了解北京市某区餐饮行业女工生育意愿及生育力,探索女职工生育能力的影响因素。方法采用横断面调查方法,于2020-06/08对北京市某区336名餐饮行业女工的生育能力情况进行调查。单因素率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,组间均数比较采用t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果1年及以上不孕者58名,不孕率25.3%(58/229),年收入、工作负荷大对女工不孕率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有流产史者97人,流产发生率28.9%(97/336),年龄、学历、长时间站立、经常加班、工作负荷大对女工的流产发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);抗缪勒管激素(anti-Mullerian hormone,AMH)检测异常者83名,异常率26.6%(83/312),年龄、学历对AMH异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有流产史组AMH值低于无流产史组,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经常加班、工作负荷大、长时间站立等因素对北京市某区餐饮行业女工生育能力存在不同程度的影响,应改善工作模式,加强对女工生殖健康的宣传教育,保护女职工健康。

Objective To investigate the fertility willingness and ability of female workers engaged in restaurant industry and explore the influencing factors of female workers’fertility.Methods From June to August of 2020,a cross-sectional survey was performed to investigate the fertility of 336 women of restaurant industry in one district of Beijing.The univariate rate was compared by the chisquare test,and the comparison of the means between the groups was by the t test.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Totally,58 female workers were infertile for one year or more,and the infertility rate was 25.3%(58/229).Annual income and heavy workload were significantly associated with infertility rate(P<0.05).There were 97 women having a history of abortion,and the abortion rate was 28.9%(97/336).Age,educational background,standing for a long time,frequent overtime work and heavy workload were significantly associated with abortion rate(P<0.05).There were 83 people with abnormal AMH detection results,and the abnormal rate was 26.6%(83/312).Age and educational background were significantly associated with abnormal AMH detection results(P<0.05).The AMH value of the group with a history of miscarriage was lower than that of the group without,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Frequent overtime work,heavy workload and standing for a long time have certain influence on the fertility of female workers of restaurant industry in one district of Beijing.It′s ought to improve the working mode and strengthen the propaganda and education of female workers′reproductive health to protect their health.