人是什么?——孔子面对“攸关技术”的回答

What Human Is:Confucius’Answer to TCH

攸关技术正在挑战关于"人是什么"的基本价值观念。所谓"攸关技术",是指那些关乎人的存在与本质、从而导致人伦忧患的技术,例如可以在肉体"硬件"方面造人的基因工程,可以在心灵"软件"方面造人的人工智能,乃至可以灵肉一体地造人的克隆技术。可见,不论是肉体还是心灵的存在,人本身都不足以保证人之为人的独特本质;恰恰相反,正是近代以来的人本主义导致了技术的狂悖。因此,唯有孔子的"天本主义"才是人类防止人性沦亡、人道泯灭的最后防线。这就是说,人之存在及其本质的根本保证不在"人为",而在"天然"的"自然"。鉴于攸关技术不断突破底线,今天必须发出一道最强有力的戒令:敬畏天命,禁止造人!

The technologies concerning humanity(TCH)is challenging the basic values of"what is man".The so-called"TCH"refers to those technologies that concern the existence and essence of human being and thus lead to ethical concerns,the examples of which are the genetic engineering that can create man in term of physical"hardware"and the artificial intelligence in term of mental"software",and even the human cloning that can create man as an unity of spirit and flesh.Thus it can be seen that no matter the being of body or mind,human itself is not enough to guarantee the unique essence of human beings;on the contrary,it is the humanism since modern times that leads to the insanity of technology.Therefore,only Confucius’s"Tianism"(taking Tian or God as the ultimate noumenon)is the last line of defense against the decline and extinction of humanity.That is to say,the fundamental guarantee of man’s existence and essence lies not in"artificiality"but in"naturality"("the self-given"from"the Tian-given"or"the God-given").In view of the fact that TCH is constantly breaking through the bottom line,the most powerful precept must be issued today:revere the designation from Tian and forbid anyone to make artificial man!