政由谁出 政治何为——孔子政治哲学新论

Who Brings out Politics?What is Politics?——A New Study of Confucius’Political Philosophy

政由谁出与政治何为是政治哲学的两大核心议题,孔子对其作出深刻思考并给出了明确回答。孔子的私学教育致力于培养具有完美道德品格的士人君子,而在他的新政治构想中,士人君子是治国为政的理想主体,其资格的正当性就来自君子所具备的人格特征与精神品格。孔子基于人类"性相近,习相远"的复杂特性提出"学以致其道",在不破坏人类习性多样性的前提下,士人君子以仁和礼引领人类去过人道且文明的共同生活。孔子继承周公以来有关政治的思考,提出政治与教育无本质区别,真正的政治即是正己以正人,是治国为政者以道德礼教来化民成俗的事业,其中所蕴涵的政治智慧迄今仍具深刻而重要的思想启示与教育意义。

Who brings out politics and what is politics are the two core issues of political philosophy.Confucius made a deep thinking and gave a clear answer to them.Confucius’private education is devoted to the cultivation of gentleman with perfect moral character.In his new political conception,gentlemen are the ideal subject of governing the country.Their legitimacy comes from their personality and spiritual character.Confucius put forward"learning to achieve its Tao"based on the complex characteristics of"human nature being similar,men becoming widely different by practice".On the premise of not destroying the diversity of human habits,gentlemen lead human beings to live a humane and civilized life with benevolence and courtesy.Confucius inherited the thinking about politics since the Duke of Zhou,and put forward that there is no essential difference between politics and education.The real politics is to cultivate oneself then to cultivate people.The real politics is the leaders of country to influence the people and form moral customs by virtue of morality and ethics.The new political conception put forward by Confucius has important ideological enlightenment significance.