经典之学与儒者之志——论儒家著述意识的形成

The Studies of Classics and the Ambitions of Confucians——the Formation of the Confucian Scholars’Writing Consciousness

儒家学者以传承经典为己任,经典的阅读和研习也会作用于其思想,并影响其立志持身。无论是《诗》中隐含的鸟兽与人之别,还是《书》中载记的治水故事,都常被儒者阐释为野蛮与文明的进退消长,这会影响他们对所处时世的评判,也在很大程度上左右了他们选择一己之志。传承、守护文明是无法推脱的使命,归隐因此不够正当,出仕又面临诸多困难,言说辩论、书写著述就成为儒者实现平生之志的别样路径。以经典为核心构建的文化生活,使儒者更易产生对语言、文字的信任和崇敬,确认言说、书写的价值,儒者的著述意识由此被激发并不断成熟。

Taking the studies of Classics as their mission,Confucian scholars’thoughts and choices of ambitions could be affected by Classics.The discrimination between human beings and birds or beasts implied in the poems collected by Book of Songs,and the flood myth recorded in Book of Documents,which can be interpreted as the confrontation between civilization and barbarism,would affect the judgement of their situation,and promote Confucians to take inheriting civilization as their duty.Living in seclusion was not a proper way to choose,and there were many difficulties to be state officials,speaking or writing became an available way for Confucians to achieve their ambitions.Spending lots of time on studies of Classics,Confucian scholars were easier to confirm the value of speaking and writing,as a result,their writing consciousness became mature gradually.