小儿反复呼吸道感染的防治进展

Progress in prevention and treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infection in children

小儿反复呼吸道感染,目前临床上较为常见,主要是指患儿每年的呼吸道感染次数超出其年龄对应的正常范围,并且两次呼吸道感染间隔时长超过一周。该病症的病情较为复杂,主要是由于病原菌侵入患儿的鼻咽等部位所导致。本病具有反复发作并且治愈难度较高的特点。学龄前儿童以及婴幼儿是其主要发病人群,这个阶段的儿童都属于生长发育期,如果不对其进行及时有效的治疗,容易出现哮喘、肾炎以及心肌炎等疾病,对于患儿的预后会造成极大的不良影响。近年来的临床研究提示,在对患儿进行治疗时,不可单纯应用药物对其进行治疗,需要对患儿开展及时有效的呼吸道管理,才能在一定程度上提升患儿的治疗效果。导致儿童出现呼吸道感染的因素较多,临床研究发现没有接受母乳喂养、营养不良、日常生活中与二手烟接触的儿童,反复呼吸道感染的发生率均会明显增高。本文对小儿反复呼吸道感染的病因、发病机制及防治进展进行综述,为小儿反复呼吸道感染的临床治疗提供参考方案。

Recurrent respiratory tract infection in children is more common in clinical practice.This disease mainly refers to that the number of respiratory tract infections in children exceeds the normal range corresponding to age every year,and the interval between two respiratory tract infections is longer than one week.The condition of this disease is more complex,which is mainly caused by the invasion of pathogenic bacteria into children’s nasopharynx and other parts.This disease has the characteristics of repeated attacks and high difficulty in cure.Preschool children and infants are the main population of this disease.Because children at this stage belong to the growth and development period,if they are not treated timely and effectively,asthma,nephritis and myocarditis are easy to occur,which will have a great impact on the recovery of children.In recent years,clinical studies believe that in the treatment of children,we can not simply use drugs to treat them,and need to carry out timely and effective respiratory management for children,so as to improve the treatment effect of children to a certain extent.There are many factors leading to respiratory tract infection in children.The clinical research has found that the incidence of this disease will be significantly increased in children who do not receive breast-feeding,malnutrition,and children who are exposed to second-hand smoke in daily life.This article reviews the progress of etiology,pathogenesis and prevention and treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infection in children,so as to provide a reference scheme for the clinical treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infection in children.