2005—2020年全国法定传染病发病情况分析

Analysis of the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in China from 2005 to 2020

目的分析我国2005—2020年法定传染病的发病情况和变化趋势,为制订传染病防控措施提供依据。方法收集国家卫生健康委员会官网的传染病发病数据和《中国卫生统计年鉴》的人口数据。采用描述流行病学方法,运用Excel10.0对我国2005—2020年法定传染病数据进行汇总分析。结果2005—2020年报告法定传染病38种,共计102394794例。年均发病率为471.3577/10万,年均死亡率为1.2354/10万,病死率为0.2621/100。乙类传染病发病率为235.7099/10万和丙类传染病发病率为235.6384/10万,均明显高于甲类传染病的0.0094/10万。年均发病率:肠道传染病>呼吸道传染病>血源及性传播传染病>自然疫源及虫媒传染病。年均发病率位居前五位的病种为手足口病、病毒性肝炎、肺结核、其他感染性腹泻病和流行性感冒。结论全国法定传染病防控形势依然严峻,应继续加强乙、丙类传染病的监测管理,将手足口病、病毒性肝炎、肺结核、其他感染性腹泻病和流行性感冒作为重点防控传染病。

Objective To analyze the incidence and trend of notifiable infectious diseases in China from2005 to 2020,and to provide basis for formulating prevention and control measures of infectious diseases.Methods The data of infectious diseases on the official website of National Health Commission and the population data of China Health Statistical Yearbook were collected.Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of notifiable infectious diseases in China from 2005 to 2020 by Excel 10.0.Results From 2005 to 2020,38 kinds of notifiable infectious diseases were reported,with a total of 102394794 cases.The average annual morbidity was 471.3577/100000,the average annual mortality was1.2354/100000,and the case fatality rate was 0.2621/100.The incidence rate of class B infectious diseases was 235.7099/100000 and the incidence rate of class C infectious diseases was 235.6384/100000,which were significantly higher than 0.0094/100000 of infectious diseases of class A.The annual incidence rate:intestinal infectious diseases>respiratory tract infectious diseases>blood borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases>natural infectious diseases and insect-borne diseases.The top five incidence rate of diseases were hand foot mouth disease,viral hepatitis,tuberculosis,other infectious diarrhoeal diseases and influenza.Conclusion The national situation of prevention and control of notifiable infectious diseases was still grim.We should continue to strengthen the monitoring and management of class B and C infectious diseases,and focus on prevention and control of infectious diseases such as hand foot mouth disease,viral hepatitis,tuberculosis,other infectious diarrhoeal diseases and influenza.