2004-2019年我国百日咳报告病例流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Reported Cases of Pertussis in China From 2004 to 2019

目的分析2004-2019年我国(未包括香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和台湾省)百日咳流行病学特征,为完善百日咳监测体系和修订免疫策略提供数据支持。方法通过国家人口与健康科学数据共享服务平台和国家卫生健康委员会疾病预防控制局收集2004-2019年我国百日咳报告发病数据,并对数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果2004-2019年我国共报告百日咳病例104276例,年均发病率为0.48/10万;发病数(发病率)从2004年的4705例(0.36/10万)降至2009年的1612例(0.12/10万),然后上升至2019年的30027例(2.15/10万);每年4-9月为发病高峰期,占全年发病55.50%~70.08%。2004-2017年报告发病数中,山东、新疆、四川、河北和陕西发病数占55.87%;<1岁、1岁、2岁、3岁、4岁、5~9岁和≥10岁的发病数分别占53.43%、13.10%、7.46%、5.95%、4.70%、11.86%和3.50%。结论2004-2019年我国百日咳发病呈先降后升的趋势性变化,建议从国家层面完善百日咳监测体系,并对免疫水平下降或婴幼儿接触的高危人群加强免疫。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in China(excluding Chinese Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,Macao Special Administrative Region,and Taiwan Province)from 2004 to 2019 so as to provide data for improving the monitoring system and modifying immunization strategies of pertussis.Methods The reported cases of pertussis were collected through the National Population and Health Science Data Sharing Platform and Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of National Health Commission during 2004 to 2019.Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data.Results Totally,104276 cases of pertussis were reported in China during 2004 to 2019,with an average annual incidence of 0.48 cases per 105 population.The number of cases(incidence)decreased from 4705 cases(0.36cases per 105 population)in 2004 to 1612 cases(0.12 cases per 105 population)in 2009,and then increased to 30027 cases(2.15 cases per 105 population)in 2019.The annual incidence peak was from April to September,accounting for 55.50%and 70.08%of total cases,respectively.Among the reported cases from 2004 to 2017,55.87%of cases were from Shandong,Xinjiang,Sichuan,Hebei and Shaanxi provinces,and 53.43%,13.10%,7.46%,5.95%,4.70%,11.86%and 3.50%of the cases were under 1,1,2,3,4,5-9,and over 10 years old,respectively.Conclusion From 2004 to 2019,the incidence of pertussis showed a trend of decreased first then increased in China.It is suggested to improve the pertussis surveillance system at the national level and strengthen the immunization for the high-risk population with lower immunity level or in contact with infants and young children.