60岁及以上丧偶老年人健康自评状况及其影响因素分析

Self-rated Health Status and the Influencing Factors Among Widowed Elderly Aged 60 and Above

目的比较丧偶老年人和已婚有配偶老年人的健康自评状况,并且针对丧偶老年人这一特殊群体分析其健康自评的影响因素。方法参照社区居民卫生调查表设计问卷,于2018-08/10采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,对邛崃市24个乡镇/街道常住居民进行问卷调查,收集调查对象的一般人口学特征、经济状况、健康自评状况、吸烟、饮酒、运动量、高血压患病和糖尿病患病等信息,共计纳入12454名60岁及以上老年人,其中丧偶老年人2018人,已婚有配偶老年人9893人。采用秩和检验和非条件Logistic回归分析丧偶老年人健康自评的影响因素。结果丧偶老年人健康自评状况较已婚有配偶老年人差(Z=-8.612,P<0.001),其健康自评状况好、一般、差的比例为33.7%、55.1%和11.2%;男性、低龄、非文盲、经济状况好、未患高血压、未患糖尿病和每天运动量达到6000步的丧偶老年人有更好的健康自评状况。多因素分析结果显示,非文盲(OR=0.663,95%CI:0.485~0.906)、经济状况好(OR=0.074,95%CI:0.046~0.120)、每日运动量达6000步(OR=0.511,95%CI:0.377~0.693)是丧偶老年人健康自评的保护因素,患高血压(OR=1.428,95%CI:1.047~1.946)、患糖尿病(OR=2.925,95%CI:1.898~4.509)为危险因素。结论丧偶老年人的健康自评状况较已婚有配偶老年人差;文化程度、经济状况、高血压患病情况、糖尿病患病情况和每日运动量是丧偶老年人健康自评的相关因素。

Objective To compare the self-rated health status between the widowed elderly and the married elderly with spouses,and to analyze the influencing factors of the self-rated health of the widowed elderly.Methods A total of 12454 residents aged≥60 years old who were recruited through multistage stratified cluster random sampling in 24 towns or streets of Qionglai city were surveyed from August to October 2018,including 2018 widowed elderly and 9893 married elderly people with spouses.Questionnaires were conducted to collect the information of general demographic characteristics,economic status,health selfassessment status,smoking,drinking,exercise,hypertension and diabetes,etc.Rank sum test and Unconditional logistic regression methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of self-rated health of widowed elderly.Results The proportions of self-rated health of widowed elderly of good,fair and poor were 33.7%,55.1%and 11.2%respectively,and their self-rated health was worse than that of married elderly people with spouses(Z=-8.612,P<0.001).The widowed elderly of Male,younger,non-illiterate,in good economic condition,without hypertension,without diabetes,and got 6000 steps of exercise every day,they had better self-rated health status.The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects with non-illiterate(OR=0.663,95%CI:0.485-0.906),better economic situation(OR=0.074,95%CI:0.046-0.120),daily exercise amounts got to 6000 steps(OR=0.511,95%CI:0.377-0.693)were protective factors for the self-rated health of widowed elderly,while suffering from hypertension and diabetes were risk factors.Conclusion The self-rated health status of the widowed elderly is worse than that of the married elderly with spouse;Education level,economic status,hypertension,diabetes and daily exercise were associated with being self-rated health.