新型冠状病毒肺炎患者治疗期间咽拭子和痰标本核酸检测结果比较

Comparison of Viral Nucleic Acid Test Results of Pharyngeal Swabs and Sputum Specimens of Patients With Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia

目的通过比较新型冠状病毒肺炎患者在发病就诊时(发病0~7 d)、治疗中(治疗14~21 d)、治疗后期(治疗28~35 d)的咽拭子和痰标本核酸检测的结果,为新型冠状病毒肺炎患者诊断和疗效判断的实验室检测提供样本采集参考。方法按照《新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案》采集广安市新冠病毒肺炎患者的咽拭子标本与痰标本,收集到27例患者发病就诊时、治疗中、治疗后期的咽拭子和痰标本,进行病毒核酸检测,比较两种方法取样后样本的核酸检测阳性率,并使用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行χ^(2)检验。结果在发病就医时、治疗中、治疗后期,收集到的27例患者的痰标本核酸检测阳性率都明显高于咽拭子。在发病时,痰标本的核酸阳性率为96.3%,咽拭子的核酸阳性率为40.7%;在治疗中,痰标本的核酸阳性率为48.1%,咽拭子的核酸阳性率为7.4%,两者差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在治疗后,痰标本的核酸阳性率为18.5%,咽拭子的核酸阳性率为0。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的痰标本病毒阳性率高于咽拭子标本,更能作为诊断、疗效判断和出院标准的依据。

Objective To compare the results of viral nucleic acid test of pharyngeal swabs and sputum specimens of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia at the time of consultation(0~7 days of disease onset),during treatment(14~21 days of disease treatment),and late period of treatment(28~35 days of treatment),in order to provide a reference for sample collection for laboratory testing of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia for diagnosis and assessment of therapeutic efficacy.Methods According to the“Prevention and Control Plan for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia”,pharyngeal swabs and sputum samples were collected from 27 patients for nucleic acid test at the time of consultation(0~7 days of disease treatment),during treatment(14~21 days of illness),and late period of treatment(28-35 days of treatment).After viral nucleic acid test,the positive rate of samples collected by the two methods were compared.SPSS 20.0 software was used to conduct theχ^(2) test.Results The nucleic acid test positivity of sputum specimens was significantly higher than that of pharyngeal swabs at the time of onset of symptoms,during treatment,and late period of treatment.The nucleic acid positive rates were 96.3%for sputum samples and 40.7%for pharyngeal swabs at the time of disease onset,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);48.1%for sputum samples and 7.4%for pharyngeal swabs during treatment,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);and 18.5%for sputum samples and 0%for pharyngeal swabs at late period of treatment.Conclusion Sputum samples of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia have a higher viral positive rate than pharyngeal swab samples,and can be used as a better basis for diagnosis,efficacy determination and discharge criteria.