2次龙卷风伤员伤情调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of the Injuries of the Wounded in Two Tornadoes

目的分析2017年6月23日盐城、2019年7月3日开原龙卷风伤情特点,为相关应急医学救援提供依据。方法采用随机抽样问卷调查的方法,对2次龙卷风中547名受害者进行调查,调查问卷为《龙卷风灾区居民伤情调查问卷》。调研数据用SPSS 21.0统计软件进行分析研究。结果盐城、开原龙卷风的前三位伤部均为头部伤(46.63%、67.81%)、体表伤(39.90%、52.74%)、下肢损伤(29.43%、43.84%),多发伤(58.60%、67.81%),2次龙卷风的前3位伤类均为软组织损伤(90.77%、90.41%)、骨折伤(38.90%、59.59%)、脏器损伤(19.70%、28.77%)。2次龙卷风在AIS低评分区域(1分)结构类似:1分(60.85%、65.75%),在中评分区域(2~4分)结构有差别:2分(15.46%、28.77%)、3分(14.46%、4.11%)、4分(6.73%、2.74%),在高评分区域(5分及以上)差异显著:5分(1.75%、0),6分(0.75%、0)。结论龙卷风灾害下灾民的伤部、伤类、伤势具有一定规律性,但在不同龙卷风下灾民的危重伤势有所差异。提示医务人员在应急救援中应把握龙卷风灾害下的伤情救援规律,根据龙卷风的实际发生位置、严重程度制定合理应急救援策略。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of two tornado injuries in Yancheng on June 23,2017 and July 3,2019,and provide a basis for relevant emergency medical rescue.Methods Using the method of ran⁃dom sampling questionnaire survey,547 victims in two tornadoes were surveyed.The questionnaire was“Injury Questionnaire for Residents in Tornado-Stricken Areas”.The survey data was analyzed and researched with SPSS 21.0 statistical software.Results The first three injuries of the two tornadoes in Yancheng and Kaiyuan were head injuries(46.63%,67.81%),body surface injuries(39.90%,52.74%),lower limb injuries(29.43%,43.84%),and multiple injuries(58.60%,67.81%);the top 3 injuries of the two tornadoes were soft tissue inju⁃ries(90.77%,90.41%),fracture injuries(38.90%,59.59%),and organ injuries(19.70%,28.77%).The structure of the 2 tornadoes in the AIS low-scoring area(1 point)was similar:1 point(60.85%,65.75%),and the structure in the middle-scoring area(2-4 points)was different:2 points(15.46%,28.77%),3 Points(14.46%,4.11%),4 points(6.73%,2.74%),significant differences in high-scoring areas(5 points and a⁃bove):5 points(1.75%,0),6 points(0.75%,0).Conclusion The injuries,types,and injuries of the victims under tornado disasters have certain regularity,but the critical injuries of the victims under different tornadoes are still different.It is reminded that in emergency rescue,medical personnel should grasp the rules of injury rescue under tornado disasters,and formulate reasonable emergency rescue strategies according to the actual location and severity of tornadoes.