小珠山上层文化分期与年代研究

ON THE PERIODIZATION AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE UPPER XIAOZHUSHAN CULTURE

目次一相关材料文化属性的几点说明二四平山积石墓出土材料的分组研究三其他遗址发现的小珠山上层文化遗存的分组研究四文化分期与年代判断小珠山上层文化是一支分布于辽东南部地区的新石器时代晚期的考古学文化,因1978年发掘的小珠山遗址上层遗存而得名。二十世纪初,日本学者于辽东南部地区的调查中采集到部分该文化的遗物[1]。二十世纪四十年代初又发掘了上马石、四平山、文家屯等遗址[2],出土了较丰富的遗物,由于这几批材料迟迟未能发表,影响了学术界对该文化的正确认识。

The Upper Xiaozhushan culture is a late Neolithic archaeological culture distributed in the southern part of the Liaodong Peninsula.The culture has been extensively discussed with much disagreement about the nature and chronology,and the periodization has not been thoroughly explored.In recent years,the publication of Sipingshan cairns and the re-excavation of the Xiaozhushan site are conducive to an in-depth discussion of the Upper Xiaozhushan culture.The article argues that the Upper Xiaozhushan culture was an aboriginal culture strongly influenced by the Longshan culture;Laotieshan and Jiangjunshan cairns in Lüshun belong to the Phase I Shuangtuozi culture,while not the Upper Xiaozhushan culture;the Upper Xiaozhushan culture and the Phase I Shuangtuozi culture are successive.Based on this understanding,this paper classifies the Upper Xiaozhushan culture into the early,middle,and late phases through the analysis of the well-documented Sipingshan cairns and data from other sites.According to the stratigraphic relationships provided by the Xiaozhushan site,it is believed that the Upper Xiaozhushan culture is later than the Pianbaozi culture and the middle Xiaozhushan culture,while earlier than the Phase I Shuangtuozi culture.The early and middle Upper Xiaozhushan culture is equivalent to the early and middle Longshan culture,while the late period corresponds to the early and middle periods of the late Longshan culture.Concerning the chronology of the Longshan culture and 14 Cdating data,it is inferred that the absolute dates of the Upper Xiaozhushan culture is 2500-2000 BCE.