朱提堂狼器考

RESEARCH ON SHUSHITANGLANG WARES

目次一纪地类朱提堂狼器二与周边地域性铜器的比较三无纪地类器的辨识四总体特征及其源头五衰落原因清至民国时期,朱提堂狼器已受学术界关注,端方、冯云鹏、容庚等都对其铭文和纹饰进行了著录[1]。新中国成立之后,陈直、汪宁生、孙太初、方国瑜、徐正考等根据铭文就朱提堂狼器的制作时间、地望等问题进行了探讨[2]。这些研究无疑为初步认识朱提堂狼器奠定了基础。但是作为汉代最为重要的铜器作坊之一,朱提堂狼不可能仅生产具铭的洗等几种器类,每件器物也不可能都有题铭或纹饰。如何完整认识朱提堂狼器,其文化特征、源头和衰亡原因尚需进一步探索。本文在前人研究的基础上,结合新公布的材料,尝试对这些问题进行考述。

Shushitanglang was one of the most important bronze workshops during the Han dynasty,which produced bronze wares with distinct features.The vessel types are xi-washer,pan-plate,zun-shaped hu-jar,fu-cauldron,zeng-steamer,double-eared cauldron,zhi-wine vessel,etc.;some of the inner bottoms are decorated with molded ornaments,and the patterns are mainly fish and herons,with a small number of money patterns;the inscriptions are mainly reign periods and places of production,and auspicious words are rarely seen.Shushitanglang wares are quite different from the Shu Commandery wares,most of which are inscribed with auspicious words,clan names,and decorated with sheep/goat,cauldron,or bird motifs.In addition,Shushitanglang wares also differ from the Lingnan wares in decoration and inscriptions.The formation of its characteristics is closely related to the southwestern bronze culture,mainly in Gejiu,and the influence from surrounding Shu Commandery and Guanzhong plain also played a part.The Shushitanglang workshop began to produce bronze wares in the early Eastern Han,reached its peak in the middle of the Eastern Han,and tended to die out in the late Eastern Han.The reason for its decline was the competition between Shu Commandery wares and the bronze wares from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,as well as the war that occurred locally.The war of 176 CE may have put an end to the production of Shushitanglang workshop.