陕西神木寨峁新石器时代遗址发掘报告

THE EXCAVATION OF THE ZHAIMAO SITE IN SHENMU,SHAANXI

二十世纪八九十年代,为配合陕西神木至山西朔县(今朔州市朔城区)的输煤铁路建设,1990年,陕西省考古研究所(即今陕西省考古研究院)陕北考古队对该线域的遗址进行了调查,并于1993年下半年对寨峁遗址进行了发掘。寨峁遗址位于神木店塔镇寨峁旧村的石畔上,处于窟野河与其支系考考乌素河的交汇地,石畔东、西、南三面环水,遗址高出河床100余米,南距店塔镇约1公里,距神木市区15公里(图一;图版壹,1)。遗址前部地势较平坦,北部为山梁峁坡地。遗址东西宽220余米,南北长600米左右,面积约60万平方米。

Zhaimao site is located on the stone shore in the old village of Zhaimao,Jianta Town,Shenmu County,Shaanxi Province,at the confluence of the Kuye River and its tributary,the Kaokaowusu River.The stone shore is surrounded by water on the east,west,and south.The site is more than 100 mabove the riverbed,about 1 km south of Jianta Town,and 15 km from Shenmu County.The front part of the site is relatively flat,and the northern part is a slope of a hill.The site is about 220 m wide from east to west and about 600 m long from north to south,covering an area of about 60 ha.In order to cooperate with the construction of the coal transmission railroad from Shenmu County,Shaanxi Province to Shuoxian County,Shanxi Province,the Northern Shaanxi Archaeological Team of Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology investigated the sites along the railroad in the second half of 1990,and excavated the Zhaimao site in the second half of 1993.The remains of the Zhaimao site can be divided into three phases.PhaseⅡ,corresponding to the late Longshan culture and rich in artifacts and features,will be reported in this article.A total of 11 house sites in two types were excavated,which are semi-subterranean houses with white lime surfaces and houses with flat floors built by small stone slabs.Fifty ash pits with varied shapes(roundbagged,square/rectangular-bagged,oval)were uncovered.There are 22 tombs,all of which are narrow rectangular vertical earthen pits without burial containers.Most of the deceased were interred supine with extended limbs,and some were placed on the side with limbs bent or buried face down.The unearthed grave goods are pottery li-tripod,dou-stemmed bowl,yan-steamer,jia-wine vessel,he-pitcher,weng-urn,guan-jar,pen-basin,zun-wine vessel,bo-bowl,wan-bowl,bei-cups,etc.,as well as jade,stone,and bone objects.The upper limit of the remains of Zhaimao Phase Ⅱ is approximately equivalent to the late Longshan culture,and the lower limit is probably not later than the first phase of the Erlitou culture,which is similar to the age of the Shimao remains.