离子吸附型稀土浸矿机制研究现状

Leaching Mechanism of Ion-Adsorption Rare Earth

离子吸附型稀土是世界、尤其是中国的宝贵资源。为实现该类稀土资源的绿色高效开采,人们对离子吸附型稀土的浸取机制进行了系统而深入的研究,为确定其成矿机制和提取工艺做出了突出贡献。1969~1989年,基于离子型稀土的浸取特征,证明了各种电解质溶液均可浸出稀土,并用简单的离子交换反应和水化理论来说明稀土离子的浸取规律和能力大小,为浸矿剂的选择和提取工艺的提出做出了重大贡献;从1989~2009年,研究重点转移到稀土的吸附、解吸和动力学迁移机制等方面,着力解决堆浸和原地浸矿中的基础问题;从2009~2019年,进一步用双电层理论来重新说明稀土离子浸出的机制,着力于解决环保问题并进一步提高浸取效率,为发展新的浸取体系和工艺指明了方向;本文按照上述三个主要阶段的具体研究成果和贡献进行述评,重点对第三阶段的新进展开展讨论,在此基础上,对离子吸附型稀土浸矿机制的研究方向与趋势进行了展望。

Ion-adsorption type rare earth is a precious mineral resource in world, especially in China. In order to realize its green and efficient exploitation, scholars have studied the leaching mechanism of ion-adsorption rare earth systematically and made great contributions to themetallogenic mechanism and extraction technology.From 1969 to 1989, based on the leaching characteristics of ion-adsorption rare earth, it was proved that all electrolyte solutions could leach rare earth, and a simple ion exchange reaction and hydration theory were put forward to explain the leaching law and capacity of rare earth ions, which made a great contribution to the selection of leaching agents and the proposal of extraction technology. From 1989 to 2009, the focus of the research shifted to the adsorption, desorption and kinetic migration mechanism of rare earths, so as to solve the basic problems in heapand in-situ leaching. From 2009~2019. The mechanism of rare earth ion leaching was further explained by double layer theory, and the environmental protection problem was solved and the leaching efficiency was further improved, which pointed out the direction for the development of new leaching system and technology. In this paper, the specific research results and contributions in the three main stages are reviewed, and the new progress in the third stage is mainly discussed. On this basis, the research direction and trend of ion adsorption rare earth leaching mechanism are prospected.