抗阻运动经核糖体生物合成诱导骨骼肌肥大的作用

The effect of resistance exercise induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy through ribosome biogenesis

核糖体是蛋白质合成工厂,其效率(单核糖体对多种mRNA的翻译能力)和/或核糖体生物合成增加可通过上调核糖体翻译速率,进而促进蛋白质合成以诱导肌肉肥大。其中,核糖体生物合成是调节抗阻运动诱导骨骼肌纤维肥大的关键限速因素之一。研究表明,急性抗阻运动既可通过激活mTOR及其下游信号通路增加核糖体翻译效率,在一定时相内又可促进核糖体生物合成。长期抗阻训练则可在上调核糖体生物合成的同时,增加核糖体的量及其翻译能力,最终引起骨骼肌在训练期间及之后显著肥大。本文对抗阻运动经核糖体生物合成诱导骨骼肌肥大的作用及机制进行了综述。

As a protein synthesis factory, the increase of ribosome efficiency(single ribosome’s ability to translate multiple mRNA) and/or ribosome biogenesis can promote protein synthesis and induce muscle hypertrophy by up-regulating the rate of ribosome translation. Among them, ribosome biogenesis is one of the key speed limiting factors of skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy induced by resistance exercise. Recent studies have shown that acute resistance exercise can not only increase the efficiency of ribosome translation by activating mTOR and its downstream signaling pathways, but also promote ribosome biogenesis in a certain period of time. Long term resistance training can also increase the amount of ribosome and its translation ability while up-regulating ribosome biogenesis, and eventually leads to significant hypertrophy of skeletal muscle during and after training. This paper reviews the effect and mechanism of skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by resistance exercise through ribosome biogenesis.