两种武夷岩茶管理方式下茶园土壤肥力与金属元素比较

Comparison of Soil Fertility and Metal Elements in Wuyi Rock Tea Plantations Managed by Two Methods

比较分析两种武夷岩茶管理(有机管理和普通管理)方式下茶园基础属性、土壤肥力与金属元素含量的差异。结果表明:有机管理茶园在有机质(31.18 g/kg)、有效磷(36.86 mg/kg)、速效钾(124.94 mg/kg)等养分方面要优于普通管理茶园。有机管理茶园中重金属平均含量从大到小依次为:铅Pb(58.15 mg/kg)>铬Cr(24.79 mg/kg)>砷As(22.69 mg/kg)>镉Cd(0.18 mg/kg)>汞Hg(0.15 mg/kg),传统普通茶园重金属含量依次为:铬Cr(113.89 mg/kg)>铅Pb(62.01 mg/kg)>砷As(14.89 mg/kg)>镉Cd(0.20 mg/kg)>汞Hg(0.17mg/kg)。土壤pH值对土壤养分和重金属影响相对较小,而土壤颗粒组成则对土壤养分具有显著影响。两种茶园管理方式下土壤pH值偏酸,有机质、速效钾和水解氮含量都较为丰富,但全磷含量较为缺乏,尤其是普通管理茶园有效磷含量较少;普通茶园土壤重金属含量高于有机管理茶园(尤其是铬Cr),但二者重金属含量均未超过无公害茶园土壤环境质量标准。

This paper compared and analyzed the differences in the basic attributes,soil fertility and metal element content of tea plantations under two Wuyi rock tea management methods(organic management and ordinary management).The results indicated that:Organic tea plantations are better than traditional tea plantations in terms of nutrients such as organic matter(31.18 g/kg),available phosphorus(36.86 mg/kg),and available potassium(124.94 mg/kg).Organic tea plantations’size of heavy metal show the order of Pb(58.15 mg/kg)>Cr(24.79 mg/kg)>As(22.69 mg/kg)>Cd(0.18 mg/kg)>Hg(0.15 mg/kg);traditional tea plantations’size of heavy metal show the order of Cr(113.89 mg/kg)>Pb(62.01 mg/kg)>As(14.89 mg/kg)>Cd(0.20 mg/kg)>Hg(0.17mg/kg).Soil pH has relatively little effect on soil nutrients and heavy metals,while soil particle composition has a significant effect on soil nutrients.Under the two tea plantation management methods,the soil pH is relatively acid,and the content of organic matter,available potassium and hydrolyzed nitrogen are relatively rich,but the total phosphorus content is relatively less,especially the effective phosphorus content of ordinary management tea plantations is less;the content of heavy metals in the soil of ordinary tea plantations is higher than that of organic management tea plantations(especially chromium Cr),but the heavy metal content of the two does not exceed the environmental quality standards of pollution-free tea plantation soil.