“以物观物”:《老子》悟“道”路径的现象学分析

Observing Object with Object:Phenomenological Analysis to the Way of Realizing"Tao"in Lao Zi

以西方胡塞尔现象学为理论参照,对《老子》中所提出的“以物观物”的悟“道”方法路径进行分析阐释。老子根据形而上之“道”的无形、恍惚等不稳定性特征,提出了指向本质直观的“以物观物”的方法。通过具有“道”与“物”双重张力的“象”这一媒介,将直观从感性直观延伸至本质直观;提出“致虚守静”,通过悬置认知主体的意识活动,消除主客体二元对立,为“以物观物”以悟“道”提出了主体精神诉求。

Taking Husserl’s phenomenology as the theoretical reference, this paper analyzes and explains the way of realizing "tao" in Lao Zi.According to the intangible, vague and other unstable characteristics of the metaphysical "Tao", Lao Zi put forward the method of "observing things by things" which points to the essence and intuition.Through the medium of "Xiang", which has the tension of "Tao" and "thing", the intuition is extended from perceptual intuition to essential intuition.By proposing the way to the stillness and emptiness of mind,and suspending the conscious activities of the cognitive subject, the dualistic antagonism between the subject and the object is eliminated,which provides a guarantee for "Observing object with object" and the understanding of "Tao".