“V这V那”构式的语义功能及其历史演变

The Semantic Functions and Historical Evolution of the“V this V that”Construction

以对举构式“V这V那”为研究对象,在CCL和BCC语料库中有效语料的基础上,对该结构进行了分析。“V这V那”有两种语义功能:一是“众多”义,表示动作发生或涉及的处所或对象(人、事物或事件)多,是“次第扫描”的结果;二是“总括”义,表示总括动作发生或涉及的处所或对象(人、事物或事件),是“整体扫描”的结果。两者之间并没有明确的界限,所有的“V这V那”都有这两种语义功能;只是受到所在语境“时间性”强弱的影响,这两种语义会有不同程度的凸显,由此构成了一个无限延伸的语义连续统。另外,“V这V那”属于“这”“那”系指代词构成的对举结构,最早出现于民国时期,比其他类似的对举结构出现得稍晚一些,且“这”“那”指代人、事物或事件的“V这V那”比指代处所的出现得早一些。

This article takes the construction whose components are relatively listed“V this V that”as the research object,and analyzes this structure on the basis of the effective corpus in the CCL and BCC corpus.“V This V That”has two semantic functions.One is the meaning of“many”——“there are many places or objects(people,things or events)involved in the action”,which is the result of the“one-by-one scan”.The other is the meaning of“summary”——“summarize the places or objects(people,things or events)involved in the action”which is the result of the“overall scan”.There is no clear boundary between these two semantic functions.All“V this V that”have the two semantic functions.Affected by the degree of the“conspicuousness of time”,these two kinds of semantics will have different degrees of prominence in different contexts,which results in an infinitely extending semantic continuum.In addition,“V this V that”belongs to the series of constructions.It first appeared in the period of the Republic of China,slightly later than other similar structures.This and that in“V this V that”referring to people,things or events appears earlier than that of referring to places.