《文心雕龙》关于潘尼的批评之辨析

An Analysis of the Criticism on Pan Ni from Wen Xin Diao Long

《文心雕龙》两次批评西晋作家潘尼。经笔者深入考辨,发现《文心雕龙·明诗》篇将潘尼视作可与陆机、陆云、左思比肩的一流作家,符合历史实际;但笔者通过详细研读潘尼《乘舆箴》原文,发现历代《文心雕龙》的注本,对《铭箴》篇批评潘尼《乘舆箴》为“义正而体芜”的阐释,未能充分发掘其中奥义,故参酌刘勰对箴文写作的观点,全面分析后认为“义正”说本自《乘舆箴》的“义正体约”,而“体芜”之说虽有偏颇,但考虑到南朝时期的浮华文风,希望后世作者借鉴前代箴文作家写作简而深的文风,这也许才是刘勰的真正用意。

In Wen Xin Diao Long,Pan Ni has been criticized twice.In the chapter of Mingshi,Pan Ni is regarded as a first-class writer comparable with Lu Ji,Lu Yun and Zuo Si,which is in line with the historical reality.However,in the chapter of Mingzhen,Pan Ni’s Cheng Yu Zhen is labeled with the comment“righteous content but verbose style”.Due to the simple and similar interpretations from the previous researches on this comment,this paper claims that the“righteous content”comes from“righteous content with brief style”in Cheng Yu Zhen,while the“verbose style”shows Liu Xie’s real intention to hope that the later writers can learn form the simple and profound style of the former ones in Zhen writing.