从《水浒传》看元明时期连词“而”的用法及特点

The Usage and Characteristics of Conjunction“er(而)”in Yuan and Ming Dynasties from the Perspective of Water Margins

元明时期,连词“而”在口语中的用量已大为减少。《水浒传》中共出现364例,其中338例为单音词且全部用作连词,26例与其他词粘合成复音词或固定短语。语法层面上,“而”主要连接动词、动词性短语或介词短语,“而”字结构以四字式为主,具有简洁明快的特征;语义层面上,“而”配合文义,多表示修饰关系和顺承关系。

During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,the usage of the conjunction“er”in spoken language has been greatly reduced.There are 364“er(而)”in Water Margins,338 of which are monosyllable and used as conjunction,while the rest ones bonded with other words come into being polysyllable or set phrases.On the syntax level,the main structure form of“er(而)”is four-character,and the main sentence elements connected by“er(而)”are verbs,verb phrases or prepositional phrases,which is concise and short.On the semantic level,“er(而)”played a role of modification and coherence so as to coordinate the text.