毒死蜱、二嗪磷等6种农药对鸟类的环境风险评估

Avain Risk Assessment of Six Pesticides Including Chlorpyrifos,Diazinon

应用现有的评估方法,对毒死蜱、二嗪磷、乐果、吡虫啉、抗蚜威和灭多威6种农药对鸟类的风险进行评估,评估结果表明,经食途径,乐果、毒死蜱和二嗪磷对鸟类的初级急性、短期和长期风险均不可接受;吡虫啉对鸟类的初级急性和长期风险不可接受;抗蚜威和灭多威对鸟类的初级急性风险不可接受,对鸟类的初级短期和长期风险可接受。通过饮水途径,只有毒死蜱对鸟类的急性风险无需关注,其他农药品种对鸟类的急、慢性风险均需关注。吡虫啉、毒死蜱、二嗪磷和灭多威4种农药通过喷雾液滴吸入途径对鸟类产生的风险需要引起关注,乐果和抗蚜威通过喷雾液滴吸入途径对鸟类产生的风险无需关注;6种农药通过挥发相吸入途径对鸟类产生的风险均无需关注。评估结果可为6种农药的安全使用和的环境安全管理提供科学参考,同时对我国现有评估指南的完善提出了建议。

The risks of six pesticides(chlorpyrifos,diazinon,dimethoate,imidacloprid,pirimicarb and methomyl)to birds were assessed using the existing assessment methods.The results showed that through exposure route of dietary,the primary acute,short-term and long-term risks of dimethoate,chlorpyrifos and diazinon to birds were unacceptable;the primary acute and long-term risks of imidacloprid to birds were unacceptable;the primary acute risks of pirimicarb and methomyl to birds were unacceptable,and the primary short-term and long-term risks of pirimicarb and methomyl to birds were acceptable.Through exposure route of drinking water,the risk of chlorpyrifos to birds was acceptable,and the risks of other five pesticides to birds were worthy of concern.Through exposure route of spray droplet inhalation,the risks of dimethoate and pirimicarb to birds were acceptable,and the risks of imidacloprid,chlorpyrifos,diazinon and methomyl to birds were worthy of concern.Through exposure route of vapor phase inhalation,the risks of all the six pesticides to birds were acceptable.The assessment results could provide scientific reference for the safe use and the environmental safety management of these pesticides.Meanwhile,suggestions for improvement of the existing assessment guideline in China were put forward at the end of this paper.