液氨罐车车载水喷雾装置泄漏扩散及喷淋实验研究

Study on leakage diffusion and spray experiment of water spraying device for liquid ammonia tank truck

设计并搭建了一套液氨车载水喷雾装置,用于研究液氨罐车操作箱内介质泄漏扩散规律和水雾抑制效果。首先,通过泄漏扩散实验对泄漏口的高度、泄漏方向和泄漏压力进行三因素三水平正交实验分析,研究各因素对氨气浓度分布的影响。实验表明:泄漏高度44 cm、泄漏方向朝上、泄漏压力0.3 MPa,操作箱内出现最危险工况,顶部氨气体积分数8.5 s内达到83.12%。其次,通过水喷雾抑制实验进行了喷嘴口径、雾化角度、喷水压力以及双喷嘴间距的四因素三水平正交实验分析,探索各因素对水雾抑制效果的影响规律。实验表明:各因素对水喷雾系统抑制效果影响的主次顺序:喷水水压>喷嘴间距>雾化角度>喷嘴口径。水喷雾装置最优的选型方案为:喷嘴口径0.3 mm、雾化角度90°、喷水水压10 MPa、喷嘴间距26 cm,采用该方案1.8 s内氨气浓度迅速抑制到2.16%,可显著降低爆燃风险。

This paper designed a water spraying device installed on liquid ammonia tank truck in order to study the diffusion laws of ammonia gas and the suppression influences of water spraying. Firstly, effects of different leakage heights, directions and pressures on ammonia concentration distribution are analyzed using three factors and three levels orthogonal experiments. Results show the most dangerous condition occurs when the leakage height is 44 cm, the leakage direction is upward,and the leakage pressure is 0.3 MPa. Ammonia concentration at the top of operation box reaches 83.12% within 8.5 s. Secondly,effects of different nozzle diameters, atomization angles, spraying pressures and double nozzle intervals on water spraying inhibition are studied by four factors and three levels orthogonal experiments. Results show the importance ordering of 4 facts is:water spraying pressure>nozzle intervals>atomization angle>nozzle diameter. The optimal configuration of the water spraying device is: nozzle diameter 0.3 mm, atomization angle 90?,water spraying pressure 10 MPa, nozzle interval 26 cm. When the device started to run, the ammonia concentration can be significantly reduced to 2.16% within 1.8 s.