京藏高速柴达木腹地路面温度变化特征及与气温要素影响分析

Variation characteristics of road surface temperature and its influence on air temperature factors of Beijing-Tibet Expressway in the Qaidam Hinterland

利用2018年3月1日—2020年2月29日京藏高速柴达木腹地路段新建的伊克高里、宗加镇和大格勒3个交通自动观测站逐日气象资料,分析了四季路面温度和气温逐小时变化特征,统计了路面最高、最低温度和最高、最低气温之间的相关关系,建立了3站四季路面最高温度和最低温度分别与最高气温和最低气温相关性方程,旨在为路面温度精细化预报服务提供参考。结果表明:京藏高速柴达木腹地路段伊克高里、宗加镇和大格勒3站路面温度和气温不同季节具有明显的日变化特征,路面温度和气温达到最低值和最高值的时间并不是完全相同。3站路面温度09:00后上升速度均比气温上升速度快,路面温度升温位相较气温均超前,10:00—18:00期间各站路面温度与气温差别均较大。伊克高里站平均路面温度始终低于宗加镇和大格勒站路面平均温度。3站平均气温变化趋势比较一致,冬季和秋季平均气温昼夜差异明显。应用统计学方法建立的伊克高里、宗加镇和大格勒最高和最低路面温度与最高和最低气温相关性方程具有很好的实际应用价值,可在实际业务工作中推广应用。

Daily meteorological data from an automated traffic observatory on the Qaidam Hinterland section (built between March 1, 2018, and February 29, 2020) of the Beijing-Tibet Expressway was used to analyze the characteristics of road surface temperatures and hourly air temperature variations in the four seasons. Next, the correlation between the maximum and minimum road surface temperatures and the maximum and minimum air temperatures was calculated. Finally, we established correlation equations between the maximum and minimum road surface temperatures and the maximum and minimum air temperatures to provide a reference for detailed road surface temperature forecasting services. The results show that the road surface temperatures and air temperatures of the three stations in the Qaidam Hinterland section of the Beijing-Tibet Expressway have distinct seasonal daytime variation characteristics. Furthermore, road and air temperatures do not reach their minimum and maximum values simultaneously. The road surface temperatures at the three stations rose faster than the air temperatures after 09:00. The road surface temperature rise level reached before the air temperature rise level. During 10:00-18:00, there was a big difference between the road surface temperature and air temperature at all stations. The average road surface temperature at Ekgoli station was constantly lower than that at Zongjia Town and Big Gle station. The average air surface temperature variations at the three stations were consistent, and the daily difference in average air temperature between winter and autumn was noticeable. The correlation equations between the maximum and minimum road surface temperatures and the maximum and minimum air temperatures at Ekgoli, Zongjia, and Big Gle are realistic and can be put into practical use.