树种相互作用、林分密度和树木大小对华北落叶松生产力的影响

Effects of tree species interaction, stand density, and tree size on the productivity of Larix principis-rupprechtii

本研究以塞罕坝地区华北落叶松纯林、白桦纯林和华北落叶松与白桦混交林为对象,每种林分类型设置2个林分密度(200~340和880~1100株·hm-2)。基于树木大小分层取样,采集树芯样本668条。运用线性混合模型,分析了树种相互作用、林分密度和树木大小对华北落叶松生产力的影响。结果表明:华北落叶松断面积生长量不同程度地受竞争、胸径、年龄和邻体密度的影响;在林分密度较高的混交林中,由于白桦对华北落叶松生长的促进作用,落叶松生产力发生明显的增益效应;在林分密度较低的混交林中,落叶松和白桦之间不发生相互作用,2个树种的生产力均低于相应的纯林;种内竞争是影响华北落叶松生产力的主要因素;树木大小对华北落叶松生产力产生积极的影响,但影响程度因林分密度和树种组成而异。适当增加林分密度和选择白桦作为混交树种可以提高华北落叶松生产力。

Pure and mixed larch(Larix pricipis-rupprechtii) and birch(Betula platyphylla) plantations in Saihanba area were selected as test objects, with two stand density(200-340 and 880-1100 trees·hm-2) of each stand type. Based on tree size-stratified sampling approach, a total of 668 tree core samples were collected. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the effects of tree species interaction, stand density, and tree size on larch productivity. Results showed that basal area increment of larch was affected by competition, diameter at breast height, tree age, and neighborhood density to different degrees. Overyielding of larch was mainly due to the positive effect of birch on larch growth in the mixed plantation with higher stand density. For mixed plantation with lower stand density, the productivity of those two species was lower than that pure plantation because of a lack of species interaction. Intraspecific competition was the main factor influencing larch productivity. Larch productivity was positively affected by tree size, with the magnitude of tree size effect varying with stand density and species composition. Suitable enhancement of stand density and selection of birch as the mixing tree species could improve productivity of larch.