中国陆域生物多样性综合评估指标体系构建

Establishment of an indicator system for comprehensive assessment on terrestrial biodiversity in China

陆域生物多样性综合评估是保护生物多样性的重要基础工作,评估生物多样性现状和变化趋势、分析其损失的影响因素,是制定生物多样性保护政策与措施的前提和必要条件。目前,我国在陆域生物多样性综合评估方面尚未形成统一的评估指标体系。本研究围绕《生物多样性公约》爱知生物多样性目标、联合国可持续发展目标,借鉴国际上生物多样性评估新趋势,基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)概念框架,构建了我国陆域生物多样性综合评估指标体系,确定了22项评估指标,其中状态指标8项,压力指标7项,响应指标7项,并对指标相关性和可获得性进行分析。指标体系不仅可以对陆域生物多样性基本状况、受威胁程度、保护成效进行单独定量评价,还可以用于陆域生物多样性综合定量评估,以优化调整生物多样性优先保护区和保护措施。本研究可以为管理部门核算绿色国内生产总值(GDP)、制定区域生态补偿政策等提供技术支撑。

The comprehensive evaluation of terrestrial biodiversity is a key basic work for biodiversity protection. Clarifying the status, trend, and driving factors of biodiversity is premise and necessary for formulating policies and measures of biodiversity protection. At present, there is no unified indicator system for the comprehensive assessment of terrestrial biodiversity in China. We constructed a comprehensive assessment indicator system of terrestrial biodiversity in China, by combining the Aichi biodiversity targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the sustainable development goals of the United Nations, learning from the development trend of biodiversity assessment in the world, and following the Pressure-State-Response framework. A total of 22 indicators were obtained, including eight status indicators, seven pressure indicators, and seven response indicators. The correlation and accessibility of the indicators were analyzed. These indicators could be applied to not only an independent assessment for biodiversity status, threatened and protection effectiveness, but also for the comprehensive assessment of terrestrial biodiversity to optimize and adjust priority protection areas and protection measures. Our results would provide a technical support for calculating green GDP and formulating regional ecological compensation policies.