小麦倒春寒研究现状与进展

Current status and research advances of late spring coldness in wheat

由于全球气候变暖,近年来小麦低温灾害事件频发,尤其是拔节-孕穗期的倒春寒灾害已成为制约小麦产量和品质的重要因素之一。本文综述了小麦倒春寒灾害的发生特点(鉴定与分级、时空特征),倒春寒对小麦生理特性(叶片、茎秆、穗部、根系)和产量、质量的影响,总结了抗倒春寒小麦育种、倒春寒危害的分子生物学机制及灾害的监测预警与风险评估等方面的研究进展,并从小麦抗倒春寒遗传基础、倒春寒危害小麦评价体系和防控技术体系等方面进行了展望,以期为抗倒春寒小麦品种的遗传改良和栽培调控新措施的建立提供理论依据。

Low temperature disasters in wheat occur frequently in recent years, due to global warming. Late spring coldness in wheat during jointing-booting stage is one of the important factors limiting the yield and quality of wheat. Here, we summarized the occurrence characteristics(identification, classification, and space-time characteristics) of late spring coldness in wheat, and the effects of late spring coldness on physiological characteristics(leaf, stem, spike, and root), yield and quality of wheat. Furthermore, we reviewed the research progresses on the breeding of late spring coldness tolerant wheat, molecular biology mechanism, the monitoring, early warning and risk assessment of late spring coldness. Finally, future research work on genetic basis of wheat resistance to late spring coldness, evaluation system for wheat damaged by late spring coldness, prevention and control technology system were prospected to provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement and new cultivation regulation measures of the resistance of wheat varieties to late spring coldness.