广州市典型水库浮游生物调查与水质评价

An investigation of plankton and assessment of water quality in a typical reservoir of Guangzhou

了解广州市典型水库水环境因子与浮游生物生态学现状及其水质情况,为水质安全的预防和控制工作提供基础资料。于2021年2月至5月,对该市典型水库进行了现场环境流行病学现况调查。根据水库水环境的历史资料,有针对性地对8种环境因子进行了检测;分析水环境中浮游动物及浮游植物的构成及丰度;运用Shannon-Weaver指数法分析水环境中浮游生物的多样性;运用Pielou指数法分析水环境中浮游生物的均匀度;基于浮游生物的生态学现状,对水环境质量进行了初步评价。参照《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002),8种环境质量指标符合Ⅱ类水质限值。本次调查共采集到浮游植物6门40种,丰度为26.67×10^(5) ind./L,优势藻类为绿藻(37.5%)和蓝藻(30%);浮游动物共采集到17属25种,丰度为488 ind./L,优势种类为轮虫(64%);浮游植物Shannon-Weaver多样性指数为1.35;浮游动物Shannon-Weaver多样性指数为1.22;浮游植物Pielou均匀度指数为0.25;浮游动物Pielou均匀度指数为0.26。虽然该水库理化指标符合Ⅱ类水质限值,但浮游生物多样性指数及均匀度指数较低。本次调查暴露了水质理化指标的局限性,理化指标无法全面反映水质的生态健康状况。水质理化监测与生物监测的联合运用,在水环境质量的全面和客观评价中具有重要意义。

To understand the water environmental factors,plankton ecology and water quality of a typical reservoir in Guangzhou city,and to provide basic data for the prevention and control of water quality safety.During the period from February to May in 2021,the field environmental epidemiological investigations were carried out in a typical reservoir in Guangzhou;According to the historical data of reservoir water environment,8 kinds of environmental factors were detected;The composition and abundance of zooplankton and phytoplankton in water environment were analyzed;Shannon Weaver index was used to analyze the diversity of plankton in water environment;Pielou index was used to analyze the evenness of plankton in water environment;Based on the ecological status of plankton,the quality of water environment was evaluated.According to GB 3838—2002“environmental quality standard for surface water”,all of the 8 observed environmental factors met the limits of Class II;A total of 6 phyla and 40 species of phytoplankton were collected,and the abundance was 26.67×105 ind./L.The dominant algae were Chlorophyta(37.5%)and cyanobacteria(30%);A total of 25 species belonging to 17 genera were collected,with an abundance of 488 ind./L,and rotifers were the dominant species(64%);The Shannon Weaver diversity index of phytoplankton was 1.35;The Shannon Weaver diversity index of zooplankton was 1.22;The Pielou evenness index of phytoplankton and zooplankton were 0.25 and 0.26,respectively.Although the physical and chemical indexes of the reservoir met the water quality limits of class II,the diversity and evenness indexes of plankton were relatively low.This survey exposed the limitations of physical and chemical indicators,which could not fully reflect the ecological health status of water quality.The combined application of physical,chemical and biological monitoring of water quality is of great importance in the comprehensive and objective evaluation of the quality of water environment.