困卦:儒家君子的处困、解困之道

The Trapped Trigrams:Confucian Men of Virtue’s Ways to Deal with and Relieve Dilemma

困卦难懂,困卦之象,水性润下,在泽之下,势必流渗以涸。如何对待困,可以检验出君子、小人的德性水平。陷入困局,君子、“大人”应当理性面对现实,“有学有守”“操持已定”,甘享其窘,自我亨通。《象》辞“致命遂志”则要求君子杀身成仁、舍生取义。九二有刚中之德,九二之困即君子之困,虽身陷困厄之中却能够安处俟命,审时度势,韬光养晦,谨慎所为。面对泽上无水的困境,君子的态度是积极有为、奋力拼搏、杀出重围,而意志薄弱、缺乏控制力的小人则做不到。出困、解困是需要借助于信仰,建立起主体精神与独立人格,不可以阉割掉自己的生命冲动,不能泯灭自己追求解放的意志力。

The image of the trapped trigrams which is difficult to understand,means water runs into the swamp will be bound to seep to dryness.How to treat the trapped hexagrams,can test the virtue level of man and villain.In a predicament,the man of virtue and“the grown man”should face the reality rationally,“behave themselves in a given situation”,“conduct and decided”,enjoy their embarrassment and prosper yourselves.The poem“sacrifice his life in order to carry out his purpose”in“Xiang”requires the gentleman to kill himself to achieve benevolence and sacrifice his life for righteousness.The second nine has firm in the virtue,it symbolizes the plight of a man,although trapped in hardship but can live in peace,assess the situation,keep a low profile,and be cautious.Facing the predicament of no water on the swamp,the mans attitude is positive and promising,striving hard,breaking the siege,but the weak and the villain are not.It is necessary to establish the subject spirit and independent personality with the help of faith to get out of the predicament,and not to castrate one’s life impulse and eliminate one’s will power to pursue liberation.