宋代横行司四方馆双重职能研究

A Study on the Dual Functions of Hengxingsi Sifangguan in Song Dynasty

何谓“横行”?横行原指横行武臣,不像皇城司使、副使等诸司使、副等,列入纵向磨勘迁序列,其迁转须特旨,方得除授,故有“横行”之称。横行五司,包括客省,东、西上[门]门司,四方馆,引进司,其五司使、副使(四方馆无副使),则为横行阶,共九阶。然此九阶是横行司的一种职能,如王光祖积功至四方馆使、知泸州、泸南安抚使,俾兼领边事。王光祖所系“四方馆使”,乃无职事的武官阶,但决定其月俸二十七贯。横行五司之一的四方馆,同时,又是内廷供奉官,诸如判四方馆事、四方馆使、知四方馆事等是差遣,在宫中职掌收受进表、接待外使,也有在外出使慰劳、抚谕、监军等职事。故尔,官员系衔,虽同为“四方馆使”,两种职能不同,较为复杂,必须区别是在内廷任供奉差遣,抑或是无职事的横行武官阶。阐明四方馆设置的沿革、四方馆的官属编制及其内廷供奉职事与横行武阶两种职能的区别意义重大。

Hengxing originally refers to Hengxing military officials.Unlike Imperial City envoys,deputy envoys and other envoys and Deputy envoys,they are listed in the vertical sequence of survey and relocation.Only when they are transferred,can they be removed.Therefore,they are called“Hengxing”.Hengxing five divisions include Ke’sheng,East and West upper Hemen division,Sifangguan,Yinjinsi,and its five envoys and Deputy envoys(sifangguan has no deputy envoys)are Hengxing stage,with a total of nine stages.However,the nine levels are a function of Hengxing department,such as Wang Guangzu’s contribution to sifangguan envoy,knowing Luzhou and Lunan pacifying envoys,so as to lead the frontier affairs at the same time.Wang Guangzu’s“sifangguan emissary”was a military officer without any post,but his monthly salary was determined to be 27 guan.At the same time,it was also an official of worship in the inner court,such as judging the affairs of sifangguan,sifangguan envoys,knowing the affairs of sifangguan,and so on.It was an assignment.In the palace,it was in charge of receiving foreign envoys,as well as pacify and supervise the army.Therefore,although they are both“Sifangguan envoys”,the two functions are different and more complex.The paper expounds the evolution of the establishment of sifangguan,the official establishment of sifangguan,and the difference between the two functions of the internal court service and the horizontal military rank.