2020年饲料原料霉菌毒素污染状况调查

Investigation on mycotoxin contamination in feed raw materials in 2020

目的调查分析2020年饲料原料霉菌毒素污染状况,以便更好地指导饲料生产企业对原料质量的把控、采购及配方设计。方法采用胶体金免疫层析法或上转发光免疫分析法(up-conversion immunoassay, UPT)检测原料中的呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮和黄曲霉毒素B1的含量。2020年共检出饲料样品(含退货)28519份。结果对比安佑集团企业标准,2020年饲料原料霉菌毒素污染总超标率为0.92%,全年霉菌毒素污染整体情况较轻,其中上半年污染较重,主要由玉米副产物和次粉霉菌毒素污染超标所致;从产地来源看,2020年山东、湖北产地的麸皮和次粉呕吐毒素中度污染,四川、陕西产地的次粉重度污染;四川产地的米糠黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1,AFB1)达中度污染,山东产地的玉米呕吐毒素和江苏产地的玉米黄曲霉毒素B1达重度污染;且饲料原料中的霉菌毒素并非单一存在,多数情况下是多种毒素共存。结论与2019年饲料原料霉菌毒素污染调查数据相比, 2020年原料的霉菌毒素污染程度较轻。

Objective To investigate and analyze the mycotoxin contamination of feed raw materials in 2020, in order to better guide feed manufacturers to control the quality of raw materials, procurement and formula design. Methods The content of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and aflatoxins B1 in the bulk feed raw materials were detected by colloidal gold immunochromatography or up-conversion immunoassay(UPT). In 2020, a total of 28519 feed materials samples were detected(including returned). Results According to the standard of maximum limit of mycotoxins for different feed raw materials by Anyou group, the total exceeding rate of mycotoxin contamination in feed raw materials in 2020 was 0.92%. The overall situation of mycotoxins contamination throughout the year was relatively light. The heavier contamination in the first half of the year was mainly due to the excessive contamination of corn by-products and wheat flour. From the perspective of origin, in 2020, the bran and wheat flour from Shandong and Hubei provinces were moderately polluted by deoxynivalenol, and wheat flour from Sichuan and Shanxi province were heavily polluted. The rice bran from Sichuan provinces was moderately polluted by aflatoxin B1(AFB1). Corn deoxynivalenol from Shandong province and of corn AFB1 from Jiangsu province were heavily polluted. Moreover, the mycotoxin in the feed raw materials did not exist in a single state, multiple mycotoxins coexist in most cases. Conclusion Compared with the survey data of mycotoxin contamination in feed raw materials in 2019, the contamination degree of raw materials in 2020 is lighter.